Figure 2.

WHO classifications (left) for study participants in a therapeutic efficacy study, including the recommended approaches for calculating uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacy (A–D). The final equation (E) is not a WHO-recommended approach but a common method observed in this systematic analysis. An example (right) using hypothetical data showing how WHO-endorsed calculation methods may yield an efficacy estimate with policy implications different from estimates obtained from calculations deviating from WHO-endorsed calculation methods (D vs. E; an efficacy threshold of < 90% is identified by the WHO as a trigger to reevaluate whether a drug should continue to be deployed as a first-line antimalarial). Hypothetical data used on the right: 110 subjects recruited, eight lost to follow-up, two withdrawn, one early treatment failure, 35 new infections, seven recrudescences, and 57 adequate clinical and parasitological response. ACPR = adequate clinical and parasitological response.