Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and correlations among variables. N = 1022.
| Variables | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Gender | - | 1 | ||||||
| 2. Age | 30.11 ± 10.13 | 0.033 | 1 | |||||
| 3. Education background | - | −0.007 | −0.259 *** | 1 | ||||
| 4. COVID-19 IU | 12.61 ± 4.52 | 0.073 * | −0.026 | −0.021 | 1 | |||
| 5. Pandemic-focused time | 2.45 ± 0.94 | 0.037 | 0.200 *** | −0.003 | 0.170 *** | 1 | ||
| 6. Perceived efficacy | 23.22 ± 3.86 | 0.057 | 0.112 *** | −0.076 * | −0.053 | 0.056 | 1 | |
| 7. Negative emotions | 8.75 ± 4.56 | −0.084 ** | −0.006 | −0.015 | 0.443 *** | 0.140 *** | −0.209 *** | 1 |
Note. Gender (0 = female, 1 = male), Education background (1 = High school or lower, 2 = College/technical school, 3 = University Bachelor’s degree, 4 = Master’s degree or higher), Pandemic-focused time (1 = “within 10 min”, 2 = “11–30 min”, 3 = “31–60 min”, 4 = “more than 60 min”). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.