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. 2021 May 3;99(5):skab061. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab061

Table 4.

Venous concentration of blood gases, minerals, and plasma metabolites during colostrum period from 0 to 24 HIM

	Treatment (Trt)			HIM										P-value
	CON	GLU	SEM	0	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	SEM	Trt	HIM	Trt × HIM
Whole blood
O₂, mmol/L	4.30	4.23	0.23	4.30	4.15	4.14	4.23	4.26	4.40	4.36	4.12	4.02	0.28	0.72	0.22	0.02
CO₂, mmol/L	31.3	30.6	0.69	30.0	30.1	29.1	29.9	29.0	29.8	30.0	30.5	30.8	0.65	0.87	0.19	0.13
pH	7.51	7.49	0.01	7.50^ab	7.48^b	7.50^ab	7.52^a	7.52^a	7.51^ab	7.48^b	7.51^ab	7.50^ab	0.01	0.30	0.04	0.51
Na⁺, mmol/L	140	140	0.51	139	140	141	140	141	140	139	140	140	0.58	0.44	0.25	0.58
K⁺, mmol/L	3.90	4.06	0.06	4.07	4.05	4.19	3.95	3.89	3.89	3.95	3.94	3.90	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.18
Ca⁺⁺, mmol/L	1.18	1.21	0.03	1.17	1.18	1.18	1.18	1.20	1.21	1.21	1.21	1.21	0.02	0.39	0.18	0.70
Cl⁻, mmol/L	103	103	0.66	103	103	103	103	103	102	102	102	102	0.58	0.68	0.18	0.85
Glucose, mmol/L	4.84	4.88	0.12	4.57	4.68	4.76	4.95	4.78	5.14	4.92	5.11	4.84	0.18	0.84	0.16	0.56
l-Lactate, mmol/L	1.14^b	1.48^a	0.07	1.74^a	1.39^b	1.29^bc	1.11^bc	1.26^bc	0.99^c	1.29^bc	1.39^b	1.34^b	0.11	0.003	0.001	0.64
Plasma
Glucose, mmol/L	5.52	5.40	0.14	5.30	5.36	5.30	5.65	5.41	5.81	5.48	5.45	5.40	0.21	0.58	0.37	0.81
l-Lactate, mmol/L	1.15^b	1.53^a	0.07	1.85^a	1.43^ab	1.35^bc	1.11^bc	1.29^bc	1.02^c	1.31^bc	1.34^bc	1.37^b	0.12	0.002	0.002	0.43
Urea, umol/L	3.32	3.47	0.34	3.18	3.21	3.22	3.30	3.42	3.65	3.63	3.52	3.41	0.27	0.77	0.49	0.94
TG, umol/L	0.24	0.25	0.02	0.30	0.28	0.25	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.24	0.25	0.27	0.03	0.82	0.32	0.15
NEFA, µekv/L	574	524	75.2	560^abc	690^ab	741^a	592^abc	492^abc	438^bc	427^c	492^abc	470^bc	86.8	0.66	0.02	0.65
Insulin, ng/L	56.2	65.1	—	34.4^cd	30.1^d	27.4^d	51.3^c	66.3^bc	101^ab	103^ab	92.3^ab	118^a	—	0.47	<0.001	0.97

^a,bLeast squares treatment means with different superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05).