Table 1.

The relationship between cell death and MAFLD

Name	Relationship with MAFLD
Apoptosis	Intestinal barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, and ER stress lead to lipoapoptosis and activate the external death receptor pathway and internal mitochondrial pathway Glucose metabolism disorder activates the internal mitochondrial pathway and is regulated by several miRNAs
Necroptosis	Oxidative stress and intestinal barrier dysfunction trigger TNF-α-mediated necroptosis The key molecule RIPK1 is involved in the regulation of RIPK3 function and in the mutual transformation with apoptosis The interaction between RIPK3 and JNK is involved in disease progression, although the specific role is not clear Inhibition of MLKL improves insulin resistance, regulates fat metabolism, etc
Pyroptosis	Intestinal barrier dysfunction, ER stress, and oxidative stress all activate the assembly of NLRP3, and the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 leads to pyroptosis
Ferroptosis	Imbalance in the intracellular antioxidant system caused by excessive iron deposition and oxidative stress leads to disorders of the ferroptosis regulatory system and further affects lipid accumulation, inflammation, liver fibrosis, etc
Autophagy	Autophagy affects insulin resistance, fat metabolism, inflammation, liver fibrosis, etc. by regulating ER stress, oxidative stress, etc