Table 3.

Cox proportional hazards regression results (unadjusted and adjusted ^a) for 31-year (median) all-cause and cardiovascular mortality

Characteristic	Reference category	All-cause mortality				Cardiovascular mortality
		Univariate HR (95% CI)	Univariate P-value	Multivariate HR (95% CI)	Multivariate P-value	Univariate HR (95% CI)	Univariate P-value	Multivariate HR (95% CI)	Multivariate P-value
Age	1-year increment	1.1 (1.1–1.12)	< 0.001	1.1 (1.09–1.1)	< 0.001	1.2 (1.1–1.2)	< 0.001	1.1 (1.1–1.2)	< 0.001
Sex, Male	Female	1.4 (1.3–1.6)	< 0.001	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	0.001	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	< 0.001	1.4 (1.1–1.7)	0.006
Origin	Yemen
Middle East		1.04 (0.9–1.2)	0.6	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.004	1.01 (0.8–1.3)	0.96	1.4 (1.1–1.9)	0.02
North Africa		0.96 (0.8–1.1)	0.6	1.1 (0.95–1.3)	0.3	1.02 (0.8–1.3)	0.9	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.1
Europe-America		1.2 (0.99–1.4)	0.08	1.2 (1.02–1.4)	0.06	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	0.5	1.04 (0.8–1.4)	0.8
Smoking status, Ever	Never	1.2 (1.03–1.3)	0.01	1.2 (1.03–1.3)	0.04	1.2 (1.02–1.5)	0.03	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0. 3
Glycemic state	Normoglycemia
Prediabetes		1.5 (1.3–1.7)	< 0.001	1.1 (0.95–1.2)	0.2	1.8 (1.4–2.2)	< 0.001	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0.6
Diabetes		3.5 (2.9–4.1)	< 0.001	1.8 (1.5–2.1)	< 0.001	6.6 (4.9–8.8)	< 0.001	2.1 (1.5–2.9)	< 0.001
Systolic Blood Pressure	1-mmHg increment	1.7 (1.5–1.9)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.004–1.01)	< 0.001	1.03 (1.03–1.04)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.007–1.02)	< 0.001
BMI (${\mathrm{Kg}/\mathrm{m}}^2$) b	Normal
Overweight		1.3 (1.1–1.4)	< 0.001	1.1 (0.97–1.2)	0.1	1.3 (1.02–1.6)	0.03	1.1 (0.8–1.4)	0.6
Obese		1.6 (1.4–1.9)	< 0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.6)	0.001	1.99 (1.5–2.6)	< 0.001	1.4 (1.03–1.9)	0.03
Total cholesterolc  Borderline-high  High	Normal	1.03 (0.9–1.2) 1.2 (1.0–1.4)	0.5 0.004	0.98 (0.8–1.1) 1.04 (0.9–1.2)	0.7 0.6	1.03 (0.8–1.3) 1.5 (1.2–1.9)	0.9 0.002	0.99 (1.3–1.8) 1.2 (0.9–1.5)	0.9 0.2
Ln MISI, Q1	Q2-4	1.4 (1.2–1.7)	< 0.001	1.03 (0.9–1.2)	0.2	1.7 (1.2–2.2)	0.01	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	0.1
Ln HOMA-IR, Q4	Q1-3	1.5 (1.3–1.7)	< 0.001	1.2 (1.04–1.4)	0.01	1.8 (1.4–2.2)	< 0.001	1.2 (0.95–1.5)	0.09
Ln HOMA-%B, Q1	Q2-4	1.3 (1.1–1.4)	< 0.001	0.96 (0.8–1.1)	0.7	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	0.002	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.7
QUICKI, Q1	Q2-4	1.5 (1.3–1.7)	< 0.001	1.2 (1.04–1.4)	0.01	1.8 (1.5–2.2	< 0.001	1.2 (0.9–1.5)	0.09
MCAi, Q1	Q2-4	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	< 0.001	1.2 (1.02–1.3)	0.03	1.6 (1.3–2.03)	< 0.001	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	0.01
MCAi	1-unit increment	0.8 (1.8–0.9)	< 0.001	0.9 (0.8–0.97)	0.06	0.7 (0.6–0.8)	< 0.001	0.8 (0.7–0.96)	0.002
Fasting Insulin, Q4	Q1-3	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	0.003	1.1 (0.95–1.2)	0.2	1.3 (1.05–1.6)	0.02	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0.4
Fasting Glucose, Q4	Q1-3	1.9 (1.7–2.2)	< 0.001	1.3 (1.2–1.5)	< 0.001	2.6 (2.1–3.2)	< 0.001	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	0.001
Triglycerides	1- mg/dl increment	1.0 (1.0–1.001)	0.003	1.0 (1.0–1.001)	0.5	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	0.001	1.0 (0.99–1.0)	0.9

MISI Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index, HOMA-IR Homeostatic model assessment -Insulin resistance, HOMA-%B Homeostatic model assessment–percent beta cell function; QUICKI Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; MCAi Mcauley index

^aMultivariable models were adjusted to the MCAi and not the other insulin sensitivity indices; ^bBMI categories: Normal < 25 kg/m², Overweight, 25–29.9 kg/m²; Obese-BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²; ^cTotal cholesterol classification: Normal < 200 mg/dl, Borderline-high, 200–239 mg/dl, High ≥ 240 mg/dl