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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Nanotechnol. 2020 Dec 21;16(1):6–15. doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-00817-9

Figure 2: Gut microbiota influences responses and toxicities of cancer immunotherapy.

Figure 2:

a. The mouse gut commensal microbiota is influenced by multiple internal and external factors. Non-modifiable internal factors include animal age, sex, and genetic makeup. Modifiable external factors include diet, exercise, stress, environmental exposures, and medication (antibiotics) use. b) Mice housed in different pathogen-free conditions may show profoundly different responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Similarly, the abundance of specific microbial flora is associated with a protective effect on immune-induced adverse events.