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. 2021 Apr 23;12:642855. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642855

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The ability to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome is significantly increased in BAL cells from IPF patients. For NLRP3 stimulation, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were incubated and stimulated with LPS at 0h, following Nigericin or ATP stimulation after 4h (A). In both healthy volunteers (HVs) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) there was a significant increase in IL-1ß production following NLRP3-inflammasome stimulation protocol (B), with significant higher responses in IPF compared to HV. Caspase-1 activation is demonstrated by representative immunoblotting of cleaved caspase-1p20 (representative blot shown; total of n = 15 immunoblots performed). (C). Pro-IL-1ß concentration in cell lysates was elevated in IPF patients compared to HV following stimulation with LPS, ATP, Nigericin, and LPS + ATP (D). IL-1ß and Pro-IL-1ß values were compared using unpaired t-tests; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001, N.S. non-significant.