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. 2021 Apr 23;12:642855. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642855

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Copyright © 2021 Jäger, Seeliger, Terwolbeck, Warnecke, Welte, Müller, Bode and Prasse

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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IL-1β production after NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation is highest in BAL cells from patients with an acute exacerbation during IPF and BAL cells from patients with ARDS. IL-1ß production was detected by ELISA and is inducible by NLRP3 stimulation in alveolar macrophages of patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (C) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (D). IL-1ß values for healthy volunteers (HVs) and IPF are shown for comparison (A, B). IL-1ß production in these two cohorts is significantly increased compared to healthy volunteers (HVs) to a similar extent at baseline and following stimulation (E, F). IL-1ß levels with stimulation compared to baseline and unstimulated IL-1ß levels between groups and LPS/Nigericin stimulation were compared using unpaired t-tests; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001, N.S. non-significant.