Table 1.
Characteristics of the Finnish municipalities in 2011–2018.
| Indicator |
All municipalities (n = 310) |
Municipalities by population size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
<4,000 (n = 108) |
4,000−9,999 (n = 99) |
≥10,000 (n = 103) |
P-value | ||
| Population structure | |||||
| Annual birth rate (per 1,000 individuals) | 8.8 (3.1) | 7.7 (3.5) | 8.9 (3.1) | 9.8 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| Annual change in population size (%) | −0.6 (1.3) | −1.1 (1.4) | −0.7 (1.1) | +0.0 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Females (%) | 49.5 (1.3) | 48.6 (1.4) | 49.5 (0.9) | 50.5 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| <15-year-olds (%) | 15.9 (4.0) | 14.3 (3.9) | 16.5 (4.3) | 17.1 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| ≥65-year-olds (%) | 24.9 (6.1) | 28.4 (5.5) | 24.9 (5.9) | 21.2 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Education and income | |||||
| Low education (%) | 34.9 (5.7) | 38.8 (4.7) | 34.8 (4.6) | 30.6 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| Unemployment (%) | 11.9 (4.4) | 11.9 (5.0) | 12.0 (4.4) | 11.8 (3.8) | 0.882 |
| Annual income (eur) | 21 668 (3374) | 19 946 (2914) | 21 595 (3270) | 23 615 (2868) | <0.001 |
| Location and living | |||||
| Population density (per km2)* | 10.7 (5.2−25.1) | 5.2 (3.4−9.0) | 10.0 (5.7−15.8) | 33.3 (19.1−84.6) | <0.001 |
| Individuals living in rural area (%)* | 98.8 (30.3−99.3) | 99.1 (98.7−99.4) | 98.9 (91.7−99.3) | 19.1 (4.2−97.6) | <0.001 |
| Individuals per household unit | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.1 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Overcrowded household units (%) | 8.8 (2.1) | 8.9 (2.3) | 9.0 (2.3) | 8.3 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Individuals living in municipality of birth (%) | 50.5 (12.1) | 53.7 (9.2) | 51.2 (13.2) | 46.1 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| Other indicators | |||||
| Foreign language speakers (%)* | 2.0 (1.2−3.3) | 1.6 (1.0−3.0) | 1.7 (1.2−2.5) | 2.7 (1.9−4.2) | <0.001 |
| Divorce rate (per 1000 individuals) | 2.0 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.9 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Car ownership rate (per individual)* | 0.65 (0.61−0.70) | 0.69 (0.64−0.74) | 0.66 (0.62−0.70) | 0.61 (0.57−0.65) | <0.001 |
| Crime rate (per individual)* | 0.11 (0.08−0.16) | 0.08 (0.06−0.12) | 0.12 (0.09−0.19) | 0.14 (0.11−0.17) | <0.001 |
Values are means with standard deviations unless otherwise indicated.
*
Median ± interquartile range. Bold values signifies statistical significance.