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Gefitinib inhibits TGF-β1-induced Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. Serum-deprived A549 cells were treated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) or in combination with gefitinib for 48 h (A) or 72 h (B). Protein expression of the phosphorylated forms of Smad2/3, EGFR, and ERK1/2 and endogenous forms of Smad2/3, EGFR, and ERK1/2 was determined by Western blot analysis. Actin was used as a loading control.
