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. 2021 Mar 24;12:639095. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639095

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Copyright © 2021 Jeong and Kim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Combination of gefitinib and cilengitide exerts an enhanced inhibitory effect on TGF-β1-induced invasion of A549 cells (A–C) Serum-deprived A549 cells were treated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) with or without cilengitide for 48 h. (A) The effect of the combination on TGF-β1-induced invasion of A549 cells was evaluated using Boyden chambers. Numbers of invaded cells are presented as an average number of cells per three randomly selected high-power fields (HPFs). (B, C) After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, we performed qRT-PCR to measure expression of MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA using GAPDH as an internal control. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Data represent the mean ± SD of raw results.^# p < 0.01 vs. control;*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. treatment with TGF-β1 only.