Kumar 2013.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised controlled trial.
Participants	Preterm infants of birth weight < 1800 grams and < 35 weeks' gestation, who were receiving ≥ 100 ml/kg/day enteral feeds. Exclusions: Infants receiving supplemental oxygen > 48 hours after birth, infants with major congenital anomalies, intracranial haemorrhage, meningitis or encephalopathy.
Interventions	1. Massage with sunflower oil four times daily: N = 27 2. Standard care (no massage): N = 25 Intervention applied for up to 28 days.
Outcomes	Growth parameters. Mortality.
Notes	Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), LLRM Medical College, Meerut, India (2009 to 2010). Cross‐over contamination was limited by "segregating the two groups in separate NICU rooms". SD for change in length and head circumference imputed from Soriano 2000. Data on invasive infection not available from investigators (May 2014).
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Opaque, sealed envelopes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unmasked parents and caregivers
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unmasked clinicians and investigators
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Near‐complete growth data assessment (3 randomised infants not included because of protocol violation or loss to follow‐up)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Data on invasive infection not available from investigators
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence of baseline imbalance