Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients with COVID-19.
| Total | CCIS 0 | CCIS 1–2 | CCIS 3–4 | CCIS ≥5 | ||
| n = 5621 | n = 1890 | n = 1791 | n = 1399 | n = 541 | P | |
| Age group, No. (%) | < .001 | |||||
| <10 years | 66 (1.2) | 64 (3.4) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 10–19 yr | 206 (3.7) | 204 (10.8) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 20–29 yr | 1119 (19.9) | 1089 (57.6) | 30 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 30–39 yr | 564 (10.0) | 533 (28.2) | 30 (1.7) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 40–49 yr | 742 (13.2) | 0 (0.0) | 719 (40.1) | 20 (1.4) | 3 (0.6) | |
| 50–59 yr | 1145 (20.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1008 (56.3) | 127 (9.1) | 10 (1.8) | |
| 60–69 yr | 914 (16.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 866 (61.9) | 48 (8.9) | |
| 70–79 yr | 542 (9.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 385 (27.5) | 157 (29.0) | |
| ≥80 yr | 323 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 323 (59.7) | |
| Male, No. (%) | 2317 (41.2) | 931 (49.3) | 618 (34.5) | 570 (40.7) | 198 (36.6) | < .001 |
| BMI, No. (%) | 4426 | 1626 | 1408 | 1033 | 359 | < .001 |
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 260 (5.9) | 155 (9.5) | 31 (2.2) | 40 (2.9) | 34 (9.5) | |
| ≥18.5 kg/m2 | 4166 (94.1) | 1471 (90.5) | 1377 (97.8) | 993 (96.1) | 325 (90.5) | |
| Systolic BP, No. (%) | 5486 | 1823 | 1752 | 1375 | 536 | < .001 |
| <120 mm Hg | 1317 (24.0) | 611 (33.5) | 374 (21.3) | 213 (15.5) | 119 (22.2) | |
| ≥120 mm Hg | 4169 (76.0) | 1212 (66.5) | 1379 (78.7) | 1162 (84.5) | 417 (77.8) | |
| Diastolic BP, No. (%) | 5486 | 1823 | 1752 | 1375 | 536 | < .001 |
| <80 mm Hg | 2113 (38.5) | 858 (47.1) | 524 (29.9) | 487 (35.4) | 244 (45.5) | |
| ≥80 mm Hg | 3373 (61.5) | 965 (52.9) | 1228 (70.1) | 888 (64.6) | 292 (54.5) | |
| Heart rate, mean (SD), /min | 85.8 (15.1) | 87.4 (15.0) | 85.3 (4.5) | 85.5 (15.2) | 83.2 (15.9) | < .001 |
| Body temperature, mean (SD), °C | 36.9 (0.6) | 36.9 (0.5) | 37.0 (0.6) | 37.0 (0.6) | 37.0 (0.6) | .006 |
| Any symptom, No. (%) | 4172 (74.2) | 1321 (69.9) | 1395 (77.9) | 1092 (78.1) | 364 (67.3) | < .001 |
| Febrile sense | 1303 (23.2) | 386 (20.5) | 422 (23.6) | 363 (25.9) | 132 (24.4) | .002 |
| Cough | 2340 (41.7) | 740 (39.2) | 796 (44.5) | 629 (45.0) | 175 (32.3) | < .001 |
| Sputum | 1618 (28.8) | 495 (26.2) | 527 (29.4) | 465 (33.2) | 131 (24.2) | < .001 |
| Sore throat | 880 (15.7) | 315 (16.7) | 347 (19.4) | 194 (13.9) | 24 (4.4) | < .001 |
| Rhinorrhea | 621 (11.1) | 276 (14.6) | 191 (10.7) | 120 (8.6) | 34 (6.3) | < .001 |
| Myalgia | 925 (16.5) | 225 (11.9) | 386 (21.6) | 263 (18.8) | 51 (9.4) | < .001 |
| Fatigue | 234 (4.2) | 51 (2.7) | 88 (4.9) | 66 (4.7) | 29 (5.4) | .001 |
| Dyspnea | 663 (11.8) | 98 (5.2) | 181 (10.1) | 254 (18.2) | 130 (24.0) | < .001 |
| Headache | 967 (17.2) | 309 (16.4) | 381 (21.3) | 236 (16.9) | 41 (7.6) | < .001 |
| Altered mentality | 32 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.4) | 10 (0.7) | 15 (2.8) | < .001 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 244 (4.3) | 47 (2.5) | 81 (4.5) | 82 (5.9) | 34 (6.3) | < .001 |
| Diarrhea | 518 (9.2) | 161 (8.5) | 190 (10.6) | 129 (9.2) | 38 (7.0) | < .001 |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | 5618 | 1887 | 1791 | 1399 | 541 | |
| Diabetes | 689 (12.3) | 23 (1.2) | 161 (9.0) | 344 (24.6) | 161 (29.8) | < .001 |
| Hypertension | 1199 (21.3) | 28 (1.5) | 303 (16.9) | 557 (39.8) | 311 (57.5) | < .001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 58 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 11 (0.8) | 45 (8.3) | < .001 |
| Chronic heart disease | 179 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (0.9) | 73 (5.2) | 90 (16.7) | < .001 |
| Asthma | 128 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 45 (2.5) | 42 (3.0) | 41 (7.6) | < .001 |
| COPD | 40 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 16 (1.1) | 22 (4.1) | < .001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 55 (1.0) | 3 (0.2) | 8 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 40 (7.4) | < .001 |
| Malignancy | 143 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (0. 4) | 52 (3.7) | 83 (15.3) | < .001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 82 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (1.4) | 32 (2.4) | 27 (5.0) | < .001 |
| Connective tissue disease | 38 (0.7) | 0 (0.0)) | 6 (0.4) | 23 (1.7) | 9 (1.7) | < .001 |
| Dementia | 224 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.06) | 27 (2.0) | 196 (36.3) | < .001 |
| Laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||||||
| White blood cell count, ×109/L | 5.7 (4.4–7.2) | 5.8 (4.6–7.3) | 5.4 (4.3–6.8) | 5.7 (4.5–7.3) | 5.9 (4.4–7.5) | < .001 |
| Lymphocyte count, × 109/L | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | < .001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.3 (12.2–14.4) | 14.1 (13.1–15.3) | 13.3 (12.5–14.4) | 13.0 (12.0–13.9) | 12.1 (10.8–13.1) | < .001 |
| Platelet counts, × 109/L | 228.0 (180.0–284.0) | 246.5 (202.0–292.3) | 228.0 (185.0–285.0) | 221.0 (167.0–281.0) | 196.5 (155.0–261.0) | < .001 |
BMI = body mass index, BP = blood pressure, CCIS = age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, IQR = interquartile range, SD = standard deviation.