Table 1.

Baseline clinical characteristics of the rectal cancer patients.

Parameters	T1	T2	T3	T4
Age	59.2 ± 10.4	65.1 ± 9.7	61.3 ± 10.0	60.6 ± 9.7
<60 years	41	27	42	50
≥60 years	59	73	58	50
Sex
Male	72	81	65	65
Female	28	19	35	35
Tumor size (cm)	5.8 ± 0.9	4.5 ± 0.5	3.8 ± 1.2	2.5 ± 0.8
<5	41	52	56	60
≥5	59	48	44	40
Tumor location
High	18	28	20	30
Middle	41	45	51	40
Low	41	27	29	30
CEA (ng/mL)	3.2 ± 14.2	2.5 ± 5.6	5.6 ± 2.0	10.2 ± 13.2
Normal	82	59	45	30
Elevated	18	41	55	70
CA19–9 (U/mL)	16.0 ± 5.0	17.5 ± 9.6	15.6 ± 8.0	14.5 ± 5.0
Normal	100	86	82	55
Elevated	0	14	18	45

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables given are the number of patients unless indicated otherwise. CA19–9: Carbohydrate antigen 19–9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.