Table 2. Individual study characteristics for studies in children.

Article	Study design	Participant selection	Country	Setting	Specimen type for reference standard	Reference standard	Sonographer	Patient category	HIV status (HIV +ve/total)	Median age in months (IQR)	Gender (male/ female) (% male)
Heuvelings 2019 [37]	Prospective cohort study	Consecutive	South Africa	Tertiary hospital	Sputum	Liquid culture + PCR; or clinical	Clinician who attended a 4-day ultrasound training (85%); trained sonographer with 11 years of echocardiography experience (15%)	Confirmed TB	6/40 (15%)	48.5 (18.3–71.0)	26/14 (65%)
								Unconfirmed TB	12/85 (14%)	23.9 (13.3–43.0)	50/35 (59%)
								Unlikely TB	5/45 (11%)	23.9 (17.3–56.2)	20/25 (44%)

PCR = polymerase chain reaction; confirmed TB = M. tuberculosis detected by either culture or PCR; unconfirmed TB = clinical diagnosis for PTB but negative microbiological test result; unlikely TB = respiratory disease due to other organisms or symptoms improved without TB treatment.