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. 2021 May 7;7(19):eabe0809. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0809

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Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

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Fig. 1 — (A and B) In vitro polysaccharide precipitation assay testing binding of PfAvr4-2 to insoluble polysaccharides of fungal (chitin, colloidal chitin, chitosan, and curdlan) and plant (cellulose and xylan) origin (A) or binding of PfAvr4 (control) and PfAvr4-2 to shrimp shell chitin (B). Binding was tested at pH 5.5, pH 7.0, and pH 8.5. B, bound fraction; Ub, unbound fraction. (C and D) Localization of PfAvr4 and PfAvr4-2 conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (488) or Rhodamine Red (RR) on germlings of T. viride (C) and mycelia of P. fuligena (D), following their treatment with β-1,3-glucanases to remove the overlaying β-glucan layer in the fungal cell wall. White bars correspond to 5 μm. (E and F) In vitro assays testing whether PfAvr4 and PfAvr4-2 protect germlings of T. viride against plant-derived (E) and bacterial-derived (F) chitinases. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used as control.