Appendix 1—table 1. Features of visual display software.

Features	BonVision	PsychToolbox	PsychoPy	ViRMEn	ratCAVE	FreemoVR	Unity
Free and Open-source (FOSS)	√√	√#	√√	√#	√	√√	√
Rendering of 3D environments	√√	√	√	√√	√√	√√	√√
Dynamic rendering based on observer viewpoint	√√			√	√√	√√	√
GUI for designing 3D scenes				√√			√√
Import 3rd party 3D scenes	√√	√	√				√√
Real-time interactive 3D scenes	√√	√		√√	√√	√√	√√
Web-based deployment			√√				√√
Interfacing with cameras, sensors and effectors	√√	√√	~	√√		~	~
Real-time hardware control	√√	~	~	√	√√	√	√
Traditional visual stimuli	√√	√√	√√
Auto-calibration of display position and pose	√√
Integration with deep learning pose estimation	√√

√√ easy and well-supported.

√ possible, not well-supported.

~ difficult to implement.

# based on MATLAB (requires a license).