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. 2021 May 3;14:2929–2939. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S298720

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© 2021 Li and Li.

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Mechanisms underlying CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance. Multiple factors involved in cell cycle regulation are associated with CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, such as loss of RB, p16 amplification, CCNE1 overexpression, FGFR1 amplification, AURKA amplification, and E2F amplification.

Abbreviations: CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; RB, retinoblastoma protein; AURKA, mitotic Aurora kinase; MEK, mitogen-activated ERK-activating kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,4-trisphosphate; PI3K, phosphoinositide-3-kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; RAS, rat sarcoma; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; FGFR1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.