Table 3.

Clinical findings for combinatory approaches with immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy in brain metastases

Strategy	Study type	Selected patients	Primary tumour	Results	Reference
Ipilimumab + fotemustine	Phase 2	20	Melanoma	Ten patients (50%) achieved disease control	Di Giacomo et al.162
Ipilimumab + fotemustine	Phase 2– follow-up	20	Melanoma	Overall survival and 3-year survival rate were 12.7 months and 27.8%, respectively. Increase from baseline to week 12 in ‘memory’ but not in ‘naïve’ T cells conferred better survival. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlated with significantly better survival at early time points	Di Giacomo et al.163
Atezolizumab + carboplatin + etoposide	Phase 1/3	22	SCLC	Adding atezolizumab to carboplatin and etoposide produced a significant improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival in first line extensive-stage SCLC	Mok et al.160
Durvalumab + etoposide	Phase 3	28	SCLC	At median follow-up of 14.2 months, disease progression was noted in 17 of 28 patients (61%)	Paz-Ares et al.161

More information can be found in the Supplementary material.