Table 1.
Number and Incidence rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in study period.
| Parameter | Total (n = 527) | Resuscitation has been initiated (n = 298) | No resuscitation was undertaken (n = 229) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 67.8 (16.2) | 65.4 (170.2) | 70.8 (14.4) | 0.001 |
| Age of men | 65.0 (15.9) | 62.4 (17.4) | 68.3 (13.2) | < 0.001 |
| Age of women | 72.7 (15.5) | 70.7 (15.5) | 75.3 (15.3) | < 0.001 |
| Sex: | ||||
| Male (%) | 339 (64.3) | 192 (64.4) | 147 (64.2) | 1.0 |
| Female (%) | 188 (25.7) | 106 (35.6) | 82 (35.8) | |
| Weekday (Monday to Friday) | 381 (72.3) | 217 (72.8) | 164 (71.6) | 1.0 |
| Weekend (Saturday and Sunday) | 146 (27.7) | 81 (27.2) | 65 (28.4) | |
| Morning (8 am to 4 pm) | 206 (39.1) | 120 (40.3) | 86 (37.5) | 0.768 |
| Evening (4 pm to 11 pm) | 176 (33.4) | 95 (31.9) | 81 (35.4) | |
| Night (11 pm to 8 am) | 145 (27.5) | 83 (27.8) | 62 (27.1) | |
| Time from call to contact with patient, min | 11.1 (7.0) | 10.0 (5.9) | 12.0 (8.2) | 0.026 |
| Time from call to hospital arrival, min | 46.0 (27.3) | 45.4 (27.8) | ||
| Time from contact with patient to hospital arrival | 57.5 (28.6) | 57.3 (29.2) | ||
| Cardiac arrest etiology: | ||||
| Cardiac | 379 (71.9) | 220 (73.8) | 159 (69.4) | 0.387 |
| Non-cardiac | 148 (28.1) | 78 (26.2) | 70 (30.6) | |
| Bystander CPR | 53 (10.1) | 37 (12.4) | 16 (10.0) | 1.0 |
| SCA in the presence of EMS | 25 (4.7) | 20 (6.7) | 5 (2.2) | 1.0 |
| The reason for the call EMS | ||||
| Sudden cardiac arrest | 134 (25.4) | 81 (27.2) | 53 (23.1) | 0.091 |
| Unconscious | 154 (29.2) | 89 (29.9) | 65 (28.4) | |
| Syncope | 68 (12.9) | 37 (12.4) | 31 (13.5) | |
| Chest pain | 9 (1.7) | 9 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Dyspnoea | 67 (12.7) | 33 (11.1) | 34 (14.8) | |
| Convulsions | 13 (2.5) | 9 (3.0) | 4 (1.7) | |
| Choking | 5 (0.9) | 2 (0.7) | 3 (1.3) | |
| Hemorrhage, bleeding | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.7) | 7 (0.4) | |
| Injury | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Others | 71 (13.7) | 33 (11.1) | 38 (16.6) | |
| Initial heart rhythm | ||||
| Asystole | 400 (75.9) | 171 (57.4) | 229 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
| PEA | 62 (11.8) | 62 (20.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| VF/pVT | 65 (12.3) | 65 (21.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
CPR — cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS — emergency medical service; NS — not statistically significant; PEA — pulseless electrical activity; pVT — pulseless ventricular tachycardia; SCA — sudden cardiac arrest; SD — standard deviation; VF — ventricular fibrillation