Table 2.
Descriptive Weighted Statistics for Health of Philippine Emigrants Study Baseline Sample by Migrant Status and Visa Type (n = 1,632).
| % or Mean (SE) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total (n = 1,632) | Nonmigrants (n = 801) | All Migrants (n = 831) | Limited Family Visa (n = 362) | Unlimited Family Visa (n = 175) | Fiancé(e)/Marriage Visa (n = 232) | Employment Visa (n = 62) | p Valuea (Nonmigrant, Migrant) | p Valueb (Nonmigrant, 4 Visas) |
| Age (years) | 37.0 (.3) | 37.0 (.4) | 36.9 (.4) | 37.7 (.6) | 41.4 (1.2) | 32.0 (.5) | 36.9 (.9) | ** | |
| Male | 33.5% | 33.6% | 33.5% | 50.3% | 25.9% | 6.6% | 52.5% | *** | |
| Island region | *** | *** | |||||||
| Luzon | 21.6% | .1% | 42.3% | 67.2% | 2.0% | 34.1% | 34.1% | ||
| Visayas | 45.7% | 59.0% | 32.9% | 10.2% | 76.0% | 23.6% | 23.6% | ||
| Mindanao | 32.7% | 40.9% | 24.8% | 22.5% | 22.0% | 42.3% | 42.3% | ||
| English speaking proficiency | |||||||||
| Not at all/not very well | 57.1% | 75.3% | 39.5% | 52.0% | 51.7% | 16.1% | 14.5% | *** | *** |
| Well/very well | 42.9% | 24.7% | 60.5% | 48.0% | 48.3% | 84.0% | 85.5% | ||
| Health care access | *** | *** | |||||||
| No treatment | 42.0% | 34.1% | 49.7% | 43.9% | 46.5% | 60.9% | 53.5% | ||
| Hospital | 33.1% | 34.3% | 32.0% | 35.0% | 29.4% | 28.0% | 35.9% | ||
| Clinic and other | 24.8% | 31.6% | 18.3% | 21.1% | 24.1% | 11.1% | 10.6% | ||
| Educational attainment | *** | *** | |||||||
| Less than high school | 10.3% | 12.8% | 8.0% | 7.0% | 19.4% | 2.9% | 0% | ||
| High school graduate | 18.6% | 16.2% | 20.9% | 21.2% | 20.8% | 25.3% | 3.2% | ||
| Some college | 27.7% | 37.4% | 18.3% | 16.9% | 26.2% | 18.9% | 1.5% | ||
| College degree or more | 43.4% | 33.7% | 52.8% | 54.9% | 33.6% | 53.0% | 95.3% | ||
| Financial strain | *** | *** | |||||||
| High | 30.0% | 42.9% | 17.4% | 23.7% | 15.6% | 10.6% | 9.9% | ||
| Medium | 51.3% | 46.9% | 55.6% | 51.7% | 58.1% | 61.7% | 49.5% | ||
| Low | 18.7% | 10.3% | 27.0% | 24.6% | 26.3% | 27.7% | 40.6% | ||
| Number of health conditionsc | 1.43 (.03) | 1.50 (.05) | 1.37 (.04) | 1.70 (.06) | 1.53 (.10) | .65 (.05) | 1.51 (.15) | * | *** |
Note: Standard errors (SE) for continuous variables provided in parentheses. Significance levels for differences between groups were assessed using chi-square tests and bivariate regression models.
a
Significance level of difference between nonmigrants and migrants.
b
Significance level of difference between nonmigrants, limited family visas, unlimited family visas, fiancé(e)/marriage visas, and employment visas.
c
Range for number of health conditions = 0 to 10.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.