Table 4.
Poisson Regression of Number of Health Conditions on Migrant Status and Visa Type, Health of Philippines Emigrants Baseline Sample (n = 1,632).
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | Sig. | β | 95% CI | Sig. | β | 95% CI | Sig. | |
| Visa type (reference = nonmigrant) | |||||||||
| Limited family reunification | .13** | .04, .21 | c | .01 | −.12, .11 | b, c | .00 | −.12, .12 | b, c |
| Unlimited family reunification | .02 | −.12, .16 | c | −.18* | −.33, −.04 | a, c | −.16* | −.31, −.01 | a, c |
| Fiancé(e)/marriage | −.83*** | −1.00, −.66 | a, b, d | −.60*** | −.77, −.43 | a, b | −.56*** | −.73, −.37 | a, b |
| Employment | .01 | −.20, .21 | c | −.09 | −.30, .11 | c | −.11 | −.32, .10 | c |
| Age | .02*** | .02, .03 | .02*** | .02, .03 | |||||
| Male gender (reference = female) | −.05 | −.13, .02 | −.06 | −.15, −.00 | |||||
| Island region (reference = Luzon) | |||||||||
| Visayas | −.38*** | −.52, −.25 | −.40*** | −.54, −.27 | |||||
| Mindanao | .13* | .02, .25 | .12* | .01, .23 | |||||
| English proficiency, speaks very well/well (reference = not very well/not at all) | .12** | .04, .20 | .08+ | −.01,.17 | |||||
| Health care (reference = no treatment) | |||||||||
| Hospital | .34*** | .25, .43 | .34*** | .25, .43 | |||||
| Clinic or other | .31*** | .22, .40 | .30*** | .21, .39 | |||||
| Educational attainment (reference = less than high school) | |||||||||
| High school | −.24*** | −.37, −.11 | |||||||
| Some college | −.08 | −.20, .05 | |||||||
| College degree and above | −.01 | −.14, .12 | |||||||
| Financial strain (reference = high) | |||||||||
| Medium | −.09* | −.17, −.01 | |||||||
| Low | −.05 | −.16, .06 | |||||||
| Constant | .41*** | .35, .47 | −.59*** | −.80, −.38 | −.39** | −.64, −.15 | |||
| Coefficients for Pairwise Comparisons among Visa Types from Adjusted Models | ||
|---|---|---|
| Comparisons for Model I | β | 95% CI |
| To limited family reunification | ||
| Unlimited family | −.11 | −.25, .04 |
| Fiancé(e)/marriage | −.96*** | −1.13, −.78 |
| Employment | −.12 | −.33, .09 |
| To unlimited family reunification | ||
| Fiancé(e)/marriage | −.85*** | −1.06, −.64 |
| Employment | −.01 | −.25, .22 |
| To fiancé(e)/marriage | ||
| Employment | .84*** | .58, 1.09 |
| Comparisons for Model 2 | ||
| To limited family reunification | ||
| Unlimited family | −.18** | −.31, −.05 |
| Fiancé(e)/marriage | −.59*** | −.78, −.40 |
| Employment | −.09 | −.29, .11 |
| To unlimited family reunification | ||
| Fiancé(e)/marriage | −.41*** | −.62, −.20 |
| Employment | .09 | −.13, .31 |
| To fiancé(e)/marriage | ||
| Employment | .50*** | .26, .75 |
| Comparisons for Model 3 | ||
| To limited family reunification | ||
| Unlimited family | −.16* | −.29, −.03 |
| Fiancé(e)/marriage | −.56*** | −.75, −.37 |
| Employment | −.11 | −.31, .08 |
| To unlimited family reunification | ||
| Fiancé(e)/marriage | −.40*** | −.61, −.19 |
| Employment | .05 | −.18, .27 |
| To fiancé(e)/marriage | ||
| Employment | .45*** | .20, .69 |
Note: CI = confidence interval; Sig. = significance level of test of pairwise differences between visa categories; a = group is different from limited family reunification; b = group is different from unlimited family reunification; c = group is different from fiancé(e)/marriage; d = group is different from employment. Model 1 is unadjusted; Model 2 adjusts for age, gender, island region, English proficiency, and health care access; Model 3 adjusts for all covariates in Model 2 as well as educational attainment and financial strain.
+
p < .10,
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.