Table 2. Characteristics of subjects with and without upper gastrointestinal angiodysplasia.

Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or number of subjects. Percentages in parentheses indicate ratio of the cases with and without upper gastrointestinal angiodysplasia

^#1Habitual drinking: alcohol drinking at three times and over per week. ^#2Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular: current and previous histories of hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and carotid artery stenosis. ^#3Valvular diseases of the heart: current and previous histories of valvular diseases of the heart. ^#4Chronic kidney diseases: current history of chronic kidney diseases. ^#5Recurrent epistaxis: recurrent epistaxis episodes from childhood. ^#6Family history: recurrent epistaxis episodes from childhood in a first-degree relative

	With angiodysplasia (n = 494)	Without angiodysplasia (n = 4,540)	P-Value
Gender (male/female)	349/145	2,857/1,683	<0.001
Age (years)	54.3 ± 9.1	53.4 ± 9.8	0.020
Age range (years)			0.009
≤39 (n = 360)	17 (3.4%)	343 (7.6%)
40-49 (n = 1,435)	142 (28.7%)	1,293 (28.5%)
50-59 (n = 1,848)	188 (38.1%)	1,654 (36.4%)
≥60 (n = 1,418)	147 (29.8%)	1,250 (27.5%)
Habitual drinking#1	237 (48.0%)	1,940 (42.7%)	0.026
Habitual smoking	160 (32.4%)	772 (17.0%)	<0.001
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases#2	95 (19.2%)	898 (19.8%)	0.771
Valvular diseases of the heart#3	0	10 (0.2%)	0.612
Chronic kidney diseases#4	2 (0.4%)	33 (0.7%)	0.574
Recurrent epistaxis#5	21 (4.3%)
Family history#6	36 (7.3%)
Recurrent epistaxis and family history	11 (2.2%)