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. 2021 May 7;23(6):57. doi: 10.1007/s11886-021-01489-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Potential unfavorable effects of sports activity in patients/athletes with an ICD. Sports in ICD carriers are potentially associated with an increased risk of: adrenergic-dependent ventricular tachyarrhythmias (a); athlete’s injury caused by loss of consciousness due to a syncopal tachyarrhythmia before the ICD intervention (b); development of phenotypic expression and accelerate disease progression of the underlying arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (c); inappropriate shocks caused by supraventricular tachycardia during sports activity (d, left) or by lead fracture with ventricular channel oversensing (d, right) (reproduced with permission from: Corrado D et al. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019 May;26(7):760-763. doi: 10.1177/2047487318805584. Epub 2018 Oct 18, with permission from Oxford University Press) [39]