Table 1.

Vascular phenotypes observed in mice with altered lysolipid signaling

Mouse strain	allele description	lethality	yolk sac	embryo proper	developing retina vasculature	Reference PMID
S1P receptors
S1pr1-KO	null allele	E14.5	lacks blood, edematous	hemorrhage, pericardial cavity edema	-	11032855
EC S1pr1-KO	Tie2-Cre	E14.5	lacks blood, edematous	hemorrhage, enlarged pericardial cavity	-	12869509
EC S1pr1-KO	Cdh5-CreERT2	-	-	-	hypersprouting	22975328 22975327
EC S1pr1-Tg over-expression	Cdh5-CreERT2	-	-	-	hyposprouting	22975328
S1pr2-KO	null allele	-	-	grossly normal	-	15138255
S1pr3-KO	null allele	-	-	grossly normal	-	15138255
S1pr1,2-KO	null alleles	E12.5	-	hemorrhage, poor vascular networks	-	15138255
S1pr1,2,3-KO	null alleles	E11.5	-	hemorrhage, poor vascular networks	-	15138255
S1pr1,2,3-KO	Rosa-CreERT2	-	-	-	hypersprouting	32059774
EC S1pr1,2,3-KO	Cdh5-CreERT2	-	-	-	hypersprouting	32059774
LPA receptors
Lpar1-KO	null allele	-	-	grossly normal	-	14697676
Lpar2-KO	null allele	-	-	grossly normal	-	12215548
Lpar3-KO	null allele	-	-	grossly normal	-	15875025
Lpar4-KO	null allele	E10.5-E18.5 (35%)	poor vascular network	hemorrhage	-	20713964 31335323
Lpar5-KO	null allele	-	-	grossly normal	-	23039190
Lpar6-KO	null allele	-	-	grossly normal	hyposprouting	30804442 31335323
Lpar4,6-KO	null alleles	E11.5	poor vascular network, large vessels absent	poor vascular networks, pericardial effusion, developmental delay, axial turning defect	-	31335323
EC Lpar4,6-KO	Cdh5-CreERT2	-	-	-	hyposprouting	31335323
S1P or LPA metabolic enzymes
Sphk1-KO	null allele	-	-	grossly normal	-	15459201
Sphk2-KO	null allele	-	-	grossly normal	-	16314531
Sphk1,2-KO	null alleles	E13.5	-	hemorrhage	-	16314531
RBC Sphk1,2-DKO	EpoR-Cre	E13.5	hypersprouting	hemorrhage	-	25250575
Atx-KO	null allele	E10.5	poor vascular network, large vessels absent	poor cranial and cardiac vascular networks, neural tube defects, axial turning defect	-	16829511 16782887
EC Atx-KO	Tie2-Cre	-	grossly normal	grossly normal	grossly normal	Thesis link
Atx-Tg over-expression	CAG-Cre	E10.5	poor vascular network, large vessels absent	developmental delay, neural tube defects	-	25992708
Atx-Tg over-expression	CAG-CreERT2		-	-	hyposprouting	25992708
Lpp3-KO	null allele	E6.5 (30%), E10.5 (70%)	poor vascular network, large vessels absent	axis duplication, hemorrhage	-	12925589
EC Lpp3-KO	Tie2-Cre	E8.5-E13.5	poor vascular network	hemorrhage, cranial vascular defects, malformed branchial arch arteries, endocardial defects, trabeculation defects	-	27125875 24504738
GPCR signaling components
EC Rac1-KO	Tie2-Cre	E9.5	poor vascular network, large vessels absent	numerous vascular abnormalities, branchial arch arteries absent	-	18245172
EC Rac1-KO	Cdh5-CreERT2	-	-	hemorrhage	EC dense at vascular front, hypovascular nascent vascular network	26872874
EC RhoA-KO	Tie2-Cre	-	grossly normal	grossly normal	-	31406143
EC RhoA-KO	Cdh5-CreERT2	-	-	-	grossly normal	31406143
EC Cdc42-KO	Tie2-Cre	E9.5	poor vascular network, large vessels absent	hemorrhage, defective vascular lumens, EC polarity defects	-	26253403
EC Cdc42-KO	Cdh5-CreERT2	inducible mid-gestation	-	hemorrhage, defective vascular lumens, EC polarity defects	EC dense vascular network, reduced tip cell filopodia	26253403
EC Gα13-KO	Tie2-Cre	E9.5-E11.5	poor vascular network, large vessels absent	hemorrhage, developmental delay, pericardial dilatation, cranial vascular defects	-	15919816
Rock1,2-KO	null alleles	E8.5-E9.5	poor vascular network, large vessels absent	axial turning defect, developmental delay	-	21895889