Table 1.

Vitamin D metabolic enzyme and receptor expression in the ovary.

Protein	Gene	Species	Materials	Methods	mRNA	Protein	References
Vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase	CYP2R1	Human	Ovarian tissue	RT-PCR	Yes	NA	Bièche et al. (2007)
		Rhesus macaque	Isolated follicles	RNAseq, RT-PCR	Yes	NA	Xu et al. (2016), (2018)
25-hydroxyvitamin D3–1α-hydroxylase	CYP27B1	Human	Ovarian tissue, GCs	RT-PCR, WB	Yes	Yes	Fischer et al. 2009
		Rhesus macaque	Isolated follicles	RNAseq, RT-PCR	Yes	NA	Xu et al. (2016b), (2018)
Vitamin D receptor	VDR	Fish	In vivo	Autoradiograph	NA	Yes	Bidman et al. (1997)
		Hen	Ovarian tissue	Chromatography, sucrose density gradient analysis, saturation analysis	NA	Yes	Dokoh et al. (1983)
		Hen	Isolated follicles, GCs	Real-time PCR, WB, IHC	Yes	Yes	Wojtusik & Johnson (2012)
		Rat	Ovary	IHC	NA	Yes	Johnson et al. (1996)
		Goat	Ovary, GCs	Real-time PCR, WB, IHC	Yes	Yes	Yao et al. (2017)
		Pig	GCs	WB	NA	Yes	Herian et al. (2018)
		Rhesus macaque	Ovary, isolated follicles	Real-time PCR, IHC	Yes	Yes	Xu et al. (2018)
		Human	GCs	RT-PCR	Yes	NA	Parikh et al. (2010)
		Human	GCs	Real-time PCR	Yes	NA	Thill et al. (2009)

CYP2R1, cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily R polypeptide 1; CYP27B1, cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B polypeptide 1; GC, granulosa cell; IHC, immunohistochemistry; RNAseq, RNA sequencing; WB, Western blot; NA, not assessed.