Fig. 5. β-lactam antibiotic treatment promotes C. albicans hyphal growth in the gastrointestinal tract of mice.

a C. albicans cells in the cecum of mice treated with Amp. DIC, differential interference contrast. All fungal cells found in feces and the intestinal lumen were from the inoculum and endogenous fungal cells were rarely seen, thus the fluorescence images are not shown in panels below. Scale bar, 5 µm. The experiment was repeated independently at least three times with similar results. b C. albicans hyphae in feces and the cecum of antibiotic-treated and untreated mice. Scale bar, 5 µm. The experiment was repeated independently three times with similar results. c Percentage and average length of C. albicans hyphae in feces. Five mice were used for each treatment. In total, >50 hyphae were measured for lengths. d Percentage and length of C. albicans hyphae in the cecum. Five mice were used for each treatment. P values were determined using two-tailed unpaired t test. Error bars are means ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.