Table 2.
Logistic regression analyses of potential risk factors for mortality among Middle East respiratory syndrome cases, September 2012–June 2020
| Outcome (n) | Univariable | Multivariable | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death/Total | CFR (95% CI) | OR | 95% CI* | P-value* | Adjusted OR | 95% CI* | P-value* | ||
| Age group | ≥ 65 years | 392/654 | 59.9 (58.0–61.9) | 5.06 | 4.18–6.12 | < 0.001 | 10.52 | 6.46–17.11 | < 0.001 |
| < 65 years | 410/1796 | 22.8 (21.2–24.5) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | |
| Sex | Male | 604/1699 | 35.6 (33.7–37.5) | 1.54 | 1.27–1.86 | < 0.001 | 2.34 | 1.57–3.49 | < 0.001 |
| Female | 198/751 | 26.4 (24.6–28.1) | 1.00 | - | -– | 1.00 | – | – | |
| Region | Middle East | 761/2236 | 34.0 (32.1–36.0) | 2.18 | 1.53–3.09 | < 0.001 | 3.09 | 1.97–4.84 | < 0.001 |
| Other | 41/214 | 19.2 (13.9–24.4) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | |
| Healthcare worker | Yes | 22/335 | 6.6 (3.9–9.2) | 0.12 | 0.08–0.19 | < 0.001 | 0.33 | 0.21–0.54 | < 0.001 |
| No | 780/2115 | 36.9 (34.8–38.9) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | |
| Underlying condition | Yes | 587/1272 | 46.2 (43.4–48.9) | 6.29 | 4.62–8.55 | < 0.001 | 3.50 | 2.50–4.89 | < 0.001 |
| No | 53/442 | 12.0 (9.0–15.0) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | |
| Unknown | 162/736 | 22.0 (19.0–25.0) | 2.07 | 1.48–2.90 | < 0.001 | 1.92 | 1.31–2.81 | 0.001 | |
| Animal Contact | Yes | 125/356 | 35.1 (30.2–40.1) | 1.68 | 1.30–2.18 | < 0.001 | 2.97 | 1.10–7.98 | 0.031 |
| No | 267/1097 | 24.3 (21.8–26.9) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | |
| Unknown | 410/997 | 41.1 (38.1–44.2) | 2.17 | 1.80–2.62 | < 0.001 | 2.41 | 1.54–3.77 | < 0.001 | |
| OTC§ | > 5 days | 331/679 | 48.8 (45.0–52.5) | 1.34 | 1.11–1.62 | 0.003 | 1.31 | 1.05–1.63 | 0.019 |
| ≤ 5 days | 289/773 | 37.4 (34.0–40.8) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | |
| Year | 2012–2014 | 256/830 | 30.8 (27.7–34.0) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| 2015–2016 | 353/934 | 37.8 (34.7–40.9) | 1.36 | 1.12–1.66 | 0.002 | 1.63 | 1.27–2.09 | < 0.001 | |
| 2017–2019 | 193/686 | 28.1 (24.8–31.5) | 0.88 | 0.70–1.10 | 0.25 | 0.70 | 0.53–0.92 | 0.010 | |
| Age group * Sex | 0.54 | 0.33–0.87 | 0.012 | ||||||
| Age group * Animal contact (with vs without) | 0.29 | 0.16–0.53 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Age group * Animal contact (unknown vs without) | 0.45 | 0.28–0.72 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Sex * Animal contact (with vs without) | 0.36 | 0.13–0.97 | 0.043 | ||||||
| Sex * Animal contact (unknown vs without) | 0.58 | 0.36–0.94 | 0.028 | ||||||
CFR case fatality rate, OR odds ratio, CI confidence Interval, OTC Time from disease onset to confirmation
§OTC have missing values. Description (column 2–5) are based on non-missing values. But logistic analysis were based on data after interpolation
*Means that there must be no corresponding results for being the control groups