Table 1. Demographic and clinical data of PD participants.
| Group | PD-N | PD-CI | X2/Z/t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total No. of subjects | 26 | 31 | ||
| Gender: male, N (%) | 14 (53.8) | 16 (51.6) | 0.028 | 0.866 |
| Age | 66.539 (9.961) | 68.226 (7.419) | −0.732 | 0.467 |
| Education | 8.54 (3.47) | 5.13 (4.85) | −2.607 | 0.009* |
| High blood pressure N (%) | 8 (30.8) | 10 (32.3)) | 0.015 | 0.904 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 7 (26.9) | 7 (22.6) | 0.144 | 0.704 |
| Smoking, N (%) | 4 (15.4) | 7 (22.6) | 0.470 | 0.493 |
| Drinking, N (%) | 6 (23.1) | 9 (29.0) | 0.259 | 0.611 |
| PD-related clinical information | ||||
| Disease duration, years | 5.192 (7.047) | 6.484 (6.152) | −1.792 | 0.073 |
| Hoehn-Yahr (modified) grading | ||||
| 1 | 12 | 7 | −2.034 | 0.042* |
| 1.5 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 2 | 10 | 13 | ||
| 2.5 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 3 | 3 | 6 | ||
| 4 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| MoCA | 24.308 (2.797) | 14.00 (4.397) | −6.266 | 0.000* |
| MMSE | 28.423 (1.748) | 22.129 (5.512) | −5.327 | 0.000* |
*, P<0.05. PD, Parkinson’s disease; PD-CI, PD with cognitive impairment; PD-N, PD without cognitive impairment; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.