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Physico-chemical characteristics of empty (NPs and PPA-NPs) and insulin-loaded nanoparticles (I-NPs and I-PPA-NPs).
| Nanoparticle | Mean size (nm) | PDI | Zeta potential (mV) | Yield (%) | Insulin loading (μg/mg NPs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NPs | 217 ± 5 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | ‒45 ± 1 | 82 ± 3 | – |
| I-NPs | 253 ± 8 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | ‒42 ± 2 | 81 ± 2 | 74.33 ± 2.68 |
| PPA-NPs | 225 ± 2 | 0.10 ± 0.05 | ‒34 ± 2 | 84 ± 2 | – |
| I-PPA-NPs | 260 ± 4 | 0.18 ± 0.09 | ‒32 ± 4 | 82 ± 1 | 76.68 ± 1.51 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 3. ‒, Not applicable.
