Table 1. Diagnosis of Wilson disease.

Parameter	Criteria to diagnose Wilson disease
Ceruloplasmin	<0.2 g/L
Serum copper	<70 µg/dL (12 µmol/L)
Urinary copper	>60 µg/d (>0.94 µmol/d)
Free copper	>15 µg/dL (0.23 µmol/dL)
D-penicillamine 500	Urinary copper increase to >1,600 µg/d
Liver copper	>250 µg/d dry weight
Kayser-Fleischer-rings	Sensitivity 50%; Specificity 95%
Genetic analysis	Sensitivity 90%; Specificity 100%