Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of patients in intensive care unit.
| Variable | Severe COVID-19 (n = 11) | Severe COVID-19 + cirrhosis (n = 12) | Sepsis + cirrhosis(n = 24) | p value (all groups) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54 (34-65) | 52.5 (35-72) | 44 (34-78) | |
| Male, n (%) | 10 (90.9) | 10 (83.3) | 21 (87.5) | |
| Female, n (%) | 1 (9.09) | 2 (16.6) | 3 (12.5) | |
| Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | 8.15 (2.5-39.3) | 7.8 (4.4-22.23) | 13.5 (1.41-39) | n.s. |
| Platelet count (x109/L) | 210 (57-449) | 59 (36-122) | 114 (14-339) | 0.0002 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.77 (0.33-3.74) | 10.65 (1.07-29.8) | 9.35 (1.30-32) | <0.0001 |
| AST (U/L) | 54 (27-210) | 49.5 (23-273) | 79 (40-553) | n.s. |
| ALT (U/L) | 54.2 (18-89) | 40 (21-101) | 45 (16-208) | n.s. |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.29 (0.37) | 2.8 (0.56) | 2.65 (0.6) | 0.001 |
| Serum sodium (mEq/L) | 131.5 (4.03) | 130.5 (7.07) | 128.1 (8.7) | n.s. |
| INR | 1.05 (0.96-1.74) | 1.8 (0.8) | 2.3 (0.7) | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 (0.53-1.65) | 1.3 (0.2-3.4) | 2.85 (0.5-10.22) | 0.003 |
| D-dimers (pg/ml) | 2,498.3 (1,039.02) | 2,916 (660.6) | 3,098.6 (682.4) | n.s. |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 230 (133-1,540) | 884.5 (276-1,670) | 651.4 (103-2,220) | 0.02 |
| LDH (U/L) | 533.3 (260.8) | 605.1 (276.5) | 561.2 (206.6) | n.s. |
| PCT (ng/ml) | 2.0 (0.9) | 2.1 (1.5) | 4.2 (3.1) | n.s. |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 4 (36.3) | 8 (66.6) | 17 (70.3) | - |
| Etiology of liver diseases, n (%) | ||||
| Alcohol | 0 (0) | 6 (50) | 10 (41.6) | - |
| HBV | 0 (0) | 2 (16.6) | 4 (16.6) | - |
| HCV | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (12.5) | - |
| NASH | 0 (0) | 3 (25) | 6 (25) | - |
| Other | 0 (0) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (4.1) | - |
| Ascites, n (%) | 0 (0) | 9 (75) | 23 (95.8) | - |
| Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (66.6) | 16 (66.6) | - |
| ARDS, n (%) | 9 (81.8) | 8 (66.6) | 15 (62.5) | |
| Liver disease severity n (%) | ||||
| Child-Pugh A | 0 (0) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Child-Pugh B | 0 (0) | 1 (8.3) | 4 (16.6) | |
| Child-Pugh C | 0 (0) | 10 (83.3) | 20 (83.3) | |
| MELD score | - | 23.3 (9.5) | 31.2 (8.8) | 0.01 |
| SOFA (day 3-5) | 11.08 (2.6) | 11.83 (1.8) | n.s. | |
| CLIF-OF (day 3-5) | 11.9 (2.6) | 12.5 (2.3) | n.s. | |
| Organ failures, n (%) | ||||
| Liver | 6 (50) | 14 (58.3) | n.s. | |
| Renal | 7 (58.3) | 18 (75) | n.s. | |
| Respiratory | 10 (83.3) | 19 (79.2) | n.s. | |
| Brain | 6 (50) | 11 (45.8) | n.s. | |
| Circulation | 6 (50) | 18 (75) | n.s. | |
| Coagulation | 7 (58.3) | 13 (54.2) | n.s. | |
| Infections, n (%) | ||||
| Pneumonia | 12 (100) | 18 (75) | ||
| SBP | 0 | 3 (12.5) | ||
| Blood sepsis | 0 | 3 (12.5) | ||
| Comorbidities n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 6 (54.5) | 5 (41.6) | 10 (41.6) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (63.6) | 7 (58.3) | 11 (45.8) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 (27.7) | 2 (16.6) | 4 (16.6) | |
| Obesity | 2 (18.1) | 2 (16.6) | 5 (20.8) | |
| Liver disease | 0 (0) | 12 (100) | 24 (100) | - |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2 (0-5) | 4 (1-7) | 4 (3-6) | 0.0004 |
For continuous variables, values are given as mean (SD) or median (min-max) and p values have been calculated by One-way Annova or Kruskal-Wallis test. Categorical variables are given as n (%). ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CLIF-OF, chronic liver failure-organ failure; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ratio; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PCT, procalcitonin; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.