Table 1.
Global precision medicine initiatives
| Country (name of project, website) | Goals of programs |
|---|---|
| Australia (Australian Genomics Health Alliance) https://www.australiangenomics.org.au/ |
Develop a national framework for translating omics discoveries into clinical research and practice, including advice on the return of results from genomics research and clinical testing |
| Belgium (Belgian Medical Genomics Initiative, BeMGI) http://www.bemgi.be/ |
Predict clinical outcomes from genomic information and fulfill a pilot role toward concerted integration of genomic information in clinical care in Belgium. |
| Canada (Genome Canada) https://www.genomecanada.ca/ |
Large-scale research projects focused on the application of genomics in the area of precision health. Precision health can be seen as a more evidence-based approach to decision-making with regards to health care and public health. |
| Estonia (Estonian Program for Personal Medicine) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Genome_Project |
Sequence 5K individuals, develop Estonian genotyping array, pilot of 50K Estonian Biobank members, offer to all 35-65 years (~500K) and link to EMR |
| France (Genomic Medicine 2025) https://aviesan.fr/fr/aviesan/accueil/toute-l-actualite/plan- francemedecine-genomique-2025 |
Deploy the instruments of the genomic care pathway and to allow access to genomic medicine for all concerned (patients and their families as indicated) in the territory |
| Israel (Bench To Beside Project) https://www.weizmann.ac.il/WeizmannCompass/sections/features/the- bench-to-bedside-project |
Weizmann Institute and Clalit project aiming to sequence 100,000 Israeli genomes from selected patients |
| Japan (Implementation of Genomic Medicine Project, IGMP) http://www.src.riken.jp/english/project/person/ |
Use genomics for optimized diagnosis, treatment, and prevention |
| Korea (Genome Technology to Business Translation Program) http://www.cdc.go.kr/NIH/eng/main.jsp |
Use genomics to develop early diagnosis and treatment approaches for personalized and preventive medicine |
| Luxembourg (Centre for Systems Biomedicine) https://wwwfr.uni.lu/recherche/priorites_de_recherche/luxembourg_centre_for_systems_biomedicine_lcsb |
National Centre of Excellence in Early Diagnosis and Stratification of Parkinson’s Disease |
| Singapore (POLARIS) https://www.a-star.edu.sg/polaris/ |
Pilot TGFBI testing for disease diagnosis and family risk assessment in stromal corneal dystrophies, then implement 90-gene panel for gastrointestinal cancers |
| Thailand (Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine) http://www.thailandpg.org/ |
Implement pharmacogenomics card to identify risk for top ten drugs with risk for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN), integrated with nationwide pharmacovigilance program |
| United Kingdom (Genomics England) http://www.genomicsengland.co.uk/ |
Sequence 100K whole genomes and link to National Health Service records to treat individual patients and better understand cancer, rare and infectious diseases |
| United States (All of Us) https://allofus.nih.gov/ |
Recruit one million participants representative of the population and share data from EMRs, digital health and genomics to enhance scientific discovery and clinical care |
Source: Adapted from reference 91. EMR=Electronic medical records