Table 5.
Baseline Ccmparison of Completers and Non-Completers of the Follow-Up Questionnaire.
| Baseline Characteristics | Non-Completers | Completers | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (women) (%) | 68.3 | 66.8 | 0.10 |
| Age (years), mean±SD | 49.2±14.6 | 52.5±14.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2±6.2 | 28.4±6.3 | 0.05 |
| Pain duration (years), mean±SD | 9.9±10.2 | 10.3±10.4 | 0.10 |
| Peak pain intensity (NRS: 0–10), mean±SD | 7.8±1.6 | 7.8±1.6 | 0.09 |
| Average pain intensity (NRS: 0–10), mean±SD | 6.5±1.8 | 6.5±1.8 | 0.14 |
| Least pain intensity (NRS: 0–10), mean±SD | 4.8±2.3 | 4.8±2.3 | 0.36 |
| Analgesic use (%) | 87.9 | 90.4 | <0.001 |
| Opioid use (%) | 42.8 | 43.1 | 0.77 |
| Stress (NRS: 0–10)* | 4.8±3.2 | 4.5±3.2 | <0.001 |
| Pain catastrophizing (NRS: 0–10)* | 7.0±2.7 | 6.9±2.8 | 0.04 |
| Fear of movement (NRS: 0–10)* | 5.4±3.5 | 5.3±3.4 | 0.30 |
| PROMIS-10 Physical Health | 33.1±5.9 | 35.4±5.8 | <0.001 |
| PROMIS-10 Mental Health | 38.1±7.6 | 39.0±7.8 | <0.001 |
| Fear of movement (TSK 17 items: 17–68) | 40.0±8.1 | 39.8±8.0 | 0.52 |
| Pain catastrophizing (PCS: 0–52) | 26.5±11.2 | 25.9±11.1 | 0.04 |
| Depression (PHQ9: 0–27) | 10.7±5.6 | 9.9±5.6 | <0.001 |
| Anxiety (GAD7: 0–21) | 6.3±5.1 | 5.5±4.9 | <0.001 |
| Stress (PSS 10 items: 0–40) | 19.2±7.0 | 18.6±7.0 | <0.001 |
| Disability (PDI 5 items: 0–50) | 35.2±9.7 | 34.8±9.8 | 0.14 |
| Accept (CPAQ 8 items: 0–48), higher is better | 21.1±8.8 | 21.2±8.7 | 0.50 |
| Self-efficacy (PSEQ 2 items: 0–12), higher is better | 5.7±3.2 | 5.9±3.2 | 0.01 |
| Self-perceived general health (EQ5D-VAS: 0–100), higher is better# | 43.8±21.7 | 46.4±22.3 | <0.001 |
Notes: *Assessed using one-item or two-item psychosocial screening questions and thresholds validated in this setting for each construct; #assessed using the EuroQoL health 0–100 VAS thermometer.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NRS, numerical rating scale; PROMIS-10, 10-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; TSK, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PHQ9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD7, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder; PSS, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale; PDI, Pain Disability Index; CPAQ, Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire; PSEQ, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; EQ5D, EuroQo5 Dimensions; VAS, visual analogue scale.