Table 2.
Demographic characteristics and prevalence estimates of school connectedness, bullying, and absenteeism, by gender identity for matched sample
| Variables | Total (n=542) No. (%) or Mean (SD) |
Transgender (n=186) No. (%) or Mean (SD) |
Cisgender (n=356) No. (%) or Mean (SD) |
p-valuesa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex |
.95 |
|||
| Male | 253 (46.7%) | 86 (46.2%) | 167 (46.9%) | |
| Female | 289 (53.3%) | 100 (53.8%) | 189 (53.1%) | |
| Age | .99 | |||
| 13 years | 5 (0.9%) | 2 (1.1%) | 3 (0.8%) | |
| 14 years | 59 (10.9%) | 21 (11.3%) | 38 (10.7%) | |
| 15 years | 144 (26.6%) | 49 (26.3%) | 95 (26.7%) | |
| 16 years | 142 (26.2%) | 48 (25.8%) | 94 (26.4%) | |
| 17 years | 119 (22.0%) | 41 (22.0%) | 78 (21.9%) | |
| ≥18 years | 73 (13.5%) | 25 (13.4%) | 48 (13.5%) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | .99 | |||
| Hispanic | 234 (43.2%) | 80 (43.0%) | 154 (43.3%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 179 (33.0%) | 61 (32.8%) | 118 (33.1%) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 87 (16.1%) | 30 (16.1%) | 57 (16.0%) | |
| Otherb | 42 (7.7%) | 15 (8.1%) | 27 (7.6%) | |
| School | .99 | |||
| A | 93 (17.2%) | 32 (17.2%) | 61 (17.1%) | |
| B | 66 (12.2%) | 23 (12.4%) | 43 (12.1%) | |
| C | 85 (15.7%) | 30 (16.1%) | 55 (15.4%) | |
| D | 53 (9.8%) | 18 (9.7%) | 35 (9.8%) | |
| E | 89 (16.4%) | 30 (16.1%) | 59 (16.6%) | |
| F | 50 (9.2%) | 17 (9.1%) | 33 (9.3%) | |
| G | 106 (19.6%) | 36 (19.4%) | 70 (19.7%) | |
| I feel close at people at this schoolc | .007 | |||
| Agree | 231 (43.0%) | 64 (34.8%) | 167 (47.3%) | |
| Do not agree | 306 (57.0%) | 120 (65.2%) | 186 (52.7%) | |
| I am accepted and feel like I belong at this schoolc |
<.001 |
|||
| Agree | 273 (50.6%) | 65 (35.3%) | 208 (58.4%) | |
| Do not agree | 267 (49.4%) | 119 (64.7%) | 148 (41.6%) | |
| Feel happy at this schoolc | <.001 | |||
| Agree | 235 (43.5%) | 55 (29.7%) | 180 (50.7%) | |
| Do not agree | 305 (56.5%) | 130 (70.3%) | 175 (49.3%) | |
| Staff at this school treat students fairlyc | .02 | |||
| Agree | 210 (39.0%) | 59 (32.1%) | 151 (42.7%) | |
| Do not agree | 328 (61.0%) | 125 (67.9%) | 203 (57.3%) | |
| Staff at this school care about mec | .001 | |||
| Agree | 237 (43.9%) | 63 (34.1%) | 174 (49.0%) | |
| Do not agree | 303 (56.1%) | 122 (65.9%) | 181 (51.0%) | |
| Composite school connectedness score | 3.17 (0.85) | 2.82 (0.95) | 3.36 (0.73) | <.001 |
| Feel safe at school | <.001 | |||
| Yes | 389 (73.1%) | 111 (60.3%) | 278 (79.9%) | |
| No | 143 (26.9%) | 73 (39.7%) | 70 (20.1%) | |
| Days did not go to school during the past 30 days | .03 | |||
| <3 days | 301 (55.7%) | 91 (49.2%) | 210 (59.2%) | |
| ≥3 days | 239 (44.3%) | 94 (50.8%) | 145 (40.8%) | |
| Bullied at school | <.001 | |||
| Never | 402 (74.6%) | 91 (49.5%) | 311 (87.6%) | |
| Some of the time, most of the time, or always | 137 (25.4%) | 93 (50.5%) | 44 (12.4%) | |
| Number of times harassed or bullied on school property during the past 3 months |
<.001 |
|||
| 0 times | 394 (73.2%) | 99 (54.1%) | 295 (83.1%) | |
| 1 or more times | 144 (26.8%) | 84 (45.9%) | 60 (16.9%) |
a
Chi-square test was used for categorical variables and a two sample t-test assuming unequal variance was used for continuous variables to identify differences in transgender and cisgender participants
b
Other race category includes Native Americans, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, and multiracial
c
Likert-type scale items were dichotomized so that “strongly agree” and “agree” were recoded as “agree” and “strongly disagree,” “disagree,” and “neither agree or disagree” were recoded as “do not agree”