. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Serv. 2021 Apr 1;72(4):421–428. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000010

TABLE 3.

Substances ranked by association with substance-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations among homeless and nonhomeless youths in New York, by age group, 2013–2014^a

	Most common substance				Second most common substance				Third most common substance

Group	Substance	N	%	P	Substance	N	%	p	Substance	N	%	p
Total
Overall
Homeless	Opioids	348	46.5	<.01	Alcohol	165	22.0	<.01	Marijuana	97	13.0	<.01
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	36,734	53.9	<.01	Opioids	16,552 24.3		<.01	Other	6,376	9.4	<.01
Age 0–9
Homeless	Cocaine^b	≤10	—	.04 Hallucinogens^b		≤10	—	<.01	NA	—	—	—
Nonhomeless	Opioids	147	42.9	<.01	Alcohol	97	28.3	<.01	Unidentified	33	9.6	—
Age 10–14
Homeless	Alcohol	≤10	—	≤.01	Opioids^b	≤10	—	<.01	Hallucinogens^b	≤10	—	<.01
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	710	52.7	<.01	Marijuana	340	25.2	<.01	Other	135	10.0	<.01
Age 15–17
Homeless	Marijuana	15	34.9	<.01	Alcohol	>10	—	<.01	Hallucinogens	≤10	—	<.01
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	4,395	62.0	<.01	Marijuana	1,083	15.3	<.01	Other	737	10.4	<.01
Age 18–24
Homeless	Opioids	345	49.7	<.01	Alcohol	150	21.6	<.01	Marijuana	81	11.7	<.01
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	31,532	53.1	<.01	Opioids	15,962	26.9	<.01	Other	5,492	9.3	<.01

ED visits^c
Overall
Homeless	Opioids	266	43.5	.24	Alcohol	138	22.6	.12	Marijuana	84	13.7	.97
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	35,822	57.5	.12	Opioids	12,693	20.4	.24	Other	6,035	9.7	.94
Age 0–9
Homeless	Hallucinogens	≤10	—	.08	NA	—	—	—	NA	—	—	—
Nonhomeless	Opioids	133	42.0	.24	Alcohol	92	29.0	.12	Unidentified	31	9.8	—
Age 10–14
Homeless	Alcohol	≤10	—	.12	Opioids^b	≤10	—	.24	Hallucinogens^b	≤10	—	.08
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	708	53.3	.12	Marijuana	340	25.6	.97	Other	135	10.2	.94
Age 15–17
Homeless	Alcohol^b	≤10	—	.12	Marijuana^b	≤10	—	.97	Hallucinogens	≤10	—	.08
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	4,369	62.7	.12	Marijuana	1,066	15.3	.97	Other	724	10.4	.94
Age 18–24
Homeless	Opioids	263	46.1	.24	Alcohol	125	21.9	.12	Marijuana	75	13.1	.97
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	30,653	57.1	.12	Opioids	12,165	22.6	.24	Other	5,165	9.6	.94

Hospitalizations
Overall
Homeless	Opioids	329	47.9	<.01	Alcohol	137	19.9	.06	Marijuana	93	13.5	.88
Nonhomeless	Opioids	8,018	63.4	<.01	Alcohol	2,304	18.2	.06	Other	646	6.0	.42
Age 0–9
Homeless	Cocaine^b	≤10	—	.53	Hallucinogens^b	≤10	—	<.01	NA	—	—	—
Nonhomeless	Opioids	41	59.4	<.01	Unidentified	12	17.4	—	Alcohol	≤10	—	.06
Age 10–14
Homeless	Alcohol	≤10	—	.06	Opioids	≤10	—	<.01	Hallucinogens^b	<10	—	<.01
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	25	30.9	.06	Opioids	20	24.7	<.01	Marijuana	15	18.5	.88
Age 15–17
Homeless	Marijuana	>10	—	.88	Alcohol	≤10	—	.06	Hallucinogens	≤10	—	<.01
Nonhomeless	Alcohol	122	31.7	.06	Opioids	111	28.8	<.01	Marijuana	59	15.3	.88
Age 18–24
Homeless	Opioids	326	51.4	<.01	Alcohol	124	19.6	.06	Marijuana	77	12.2	.88
Nonhomeless	Opioids	7,845	64.8	<.01	Alcohol	2,150	17.8	.06	Marijuana	689	5.7	.88

Groups with 10 or fewer cases not reported to protect the identities of youths in these subgroups. Some numbers are masked to prevent estimation of subgroups in neighboring cells with 10 or fewer cases. NA, not applicable because zero cases were identified.

Indicates substances were equally ranked (i.e., the same number of cases were identified for each substance).

ED visits include patients who were discharged directly home and patients who were hospitalized after an ED visit.