Table 1.

Description of the seven land uses, l, selected in this study

Classification	Name	Description	Sources
Productive	Rice Maize	Traditional non-mechanised and non-irrigated system, with the use of fertiliser and pesticides: crops planted and harvested once per year.	MIDA (2019a, b)
	Pasture	Cows graze on improved pasture (Brachiaria spp) with a stocking rate of 2 animals per hectare. Ceba (Spanish for mast) system, whereby young cows are bought, fattened on pastures and sold the following year.	Paul (2014) and Reyes Cáceres (2018)
	Teak plantation	Monoculture of teak (Tectona grandis) planted at density of 1110 trees per hectare. Trees undergo two thinnings with a final harvest after 20 years.	Paul et al. (2017)
Compromise	Alley cropping	Maize is grown between rows of teak trees, until canopy shading prevents crop cultivation. Teak is planted at a density of 555 trees per hectare, it undergoes two thinnings with a final harvest after 20 years.	Paul et al. (2017)
	Silvopasture	Same production system as conventional pasture, but pastures are planted with the native tree species Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata) at a density of 200 trees per hectare. Trees are harvested for timber after 20 years.	Paul (2014) and Reyes Cáceres (2018)
Protective	Forest	Natural secondary forest of native species. No active management, cannot be used for commercial timber production.	INEC (2011)

Classification categories refer to the framework of Odum (1969)