Table 3.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients receiving major liver resection (≥ 3 segments) by means of laparoscopic (LLR) or robotic liver resection (RLR) for solid tumors; data from the Magdeburg Registry for Minimally Invasive Liver Surgery (MD-MILS)
| LLR n = 12 |
RLR n = 16 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age; mean ± SD (years) | 68.2 ± 9.6 | 67.1 ± 13.1 | 0.8 |
| Gender; n (%) | 0.1 | ||
| Female | 2 (16.7) | 8 (50) | |
| Male | 10 (83.3) | 8 (50) | |
| BMI; mean ±SD (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 2.8 | 25.7 ± 4.1 | 0.8 |
| ASA Score; mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 0.9 |
| Prior abdominal surgery; n (%) | 5 (41.7) | 14 (87.5) | 0.02 |
| Liver cirrhosis; n (%) | 3 (25) | 2 (12.5) | 0.62 |
| Disease; n (%) | |||
| Malignant | 12 (100) | 15 (93.7) | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 5 (41.7) | 6 (37.5) | |
| Colorectal liver metastases | 4 (33.3) | 5 (31.3) | |
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 1 (8.3) | 3 (18.8) | |
| Other metastases | 2 (16.7) | 1 (6.3) | |
| Benign | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | |
| Focal nodular hyperplasia | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | |
| Diameter of largest tumor; mean ± SD (cm) | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 6.6 ± 2.4 | 0.1 |
| Specimen weight; mean ± SD (g) | 424.0 ± 258.0 | 656.0 ± 374.8 | 0.1 |
| R0-margin, if malignancy; n (%) | 10 (83.3) | 14 (93.3) | 0.6 |
| Measured blood loss; mean ± SD (ml) | 941.7 ± 1116.6 | 503.1 ± 387.1 | 0.2 |
| Operative time; mean ± SD (min) | 269.6 ± 130.1 | 408.7 ± 128.2 | 0.01 |
| Iwate difficulty score1; mean ± SD | 7.3 ± 2.0 | 8.6 ± 1.2 | 0.04 |
| Postoperative hospital stay; mean ± SD (day) | 8.5 ± 3.7 | 19.0 ± 15.4 | 0.02 |
| Total postoperative stay ICU; mean ± SD (day) | 1.8 ± 1.8 | 6.8 ± 15.05 | 0.3 |
| Morbidity Clavien-Dindo ≥ grade 3; n (%) | 1 (8.3) | 4 (25) | 0.4 |
| In-hospital mortality; n (%) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0.4 |
1Difficulty Score according to the “Difficulty Scoring system for laparoscopic liver resection” introduced by Wakabayashi et al. in 2014; ICU, intensive care unit