Table 1.
CTAs promote EMT in neoplasms of different origin.
| Gene | Type of cancer | Effect on EMT and EMT-related processes? | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| SPANXB1 | Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) | Promotes migration, invasion and reactive oxygen species production of TNBC cells | 26 |
| SPANX-A/C/D and CTAG2 | Breast cancer | CTAG2 is necessary for directional migration SPANX-A/C/D is required for formation of actin-rich cellular protrusions that reorganize the extracellular matrix | 27 |
| TSP50 | Gastric cancer | Promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells involving NF-κB dependent EMT activation | 28 |
| CT45A1 | Breast cancer | Constitutively activates ERK and CREB signaling pathways, promotes EMT, and increases cell stemness, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis | 29 |
| MAGEC2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Promotes EMT | 30 |
| MAGEC2 | Breast cancer | Promotes EMT by binding to a transcriptional repressor, KAP1, which plays a critical role in promoting cadherin switching and acquiring mesenchymal cell molecular patterns | 23 |
| SPAG9 | Ovarian cancer | Increased the expression of mesenchymal markers and decreased expression of epithelial markers | 31 |
| SPAG9 | Bladder cancer | Promotes migration, decreases E-cadherin and increases Vimentin | 32 |
| PIWIL1 (HIWI) | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Promotes cell migration and invasion | 33 |
| PIWIL2 (HILI) | Colon cancer | Activates MMP9 and enhance migration and invasion | 34 |
| SSX | Melanoma | Activates MAPK/Erk and Wnt signaling, promotes EMT | 35 |