TABLE 4.

Lipid subparticle concentrations after 4 wk of consuming each test diet¹

Endpoint	Baseline	AAD	MED0.5	MED2.5	MED5.5	Diet main effect P value
LDL particle number (total), nmol/L	1096.4 ± 43.6	1050.5 ± 39.6a	968.3 ± 37.6b	970.0 ± 37.8b	1022.9 ± 33.5ab	0.0002†
Large LDL particles, nmol/L	427.9 ± 21.0	402.8 ± 22.4a	327.2 ± 22.7b	360.3 ± 23.8bc	398.0 ± 21.5ac	<0.0001†
IDL, nmol/L	228.8 ± 18.3	189.9 ± 14.6	177.4 ± 12.1	163.7 ± 10.5	172.7 ± 14.3	0.3579
Small LDL particles, nmol/L	439.7 ± 38.6	457.8 ± 33.7	463.7 ± 32.4	446.2 ± 31.8	452.3 ± 35.4	0.8236
LDL size, nm	21.1 ± 0.1	21.1 ± 0.1a	20.9 ± 0.1b	20.9 ± 0.1ab	21.0 ± 0.1ab	0.0016†
HDL particle number (total), μmol/L	34.6 ± 0.6	32.8 ± 0.6	32.6 ± 0.6	32.5 ± 0.5	33.4 ± 0.6	0.0359
Large HDL particles, μmol/L	8.2 ± 0.5	7.8 ± 0.5	7.9 ± 0.4	7.9 ± 0.4	7.7 ± 0.4	0.7394
Medium HDL particles, μmol/L	11.2 ± 0.6	10.9 ± 0.6	10.3 ± 0.6	11.1 ± 0.6	11.4 ± 0.6	0.1428
Small HDL particles, μmol/L	15.3 ± 0.8	14.0 ± 0.9	14.5 ± 0.7	13.8 ± 0.7	14.2 ± 0.8	0.6904
HDL size, nm	9.5 ± 0.1	9.5 ± 0.1	9.5 ± 0.1	9.5 ± 0.1	9.5 ± 0.1	0.3606
VLDL, chylomicron, TG particle concentration, mg/dL	76.2 ± 6.6	66.4 ± 4.6	67.8 ± 4.2	66.3 ± 4.7	60.6 ± 4.0	0.0261

¹All values are means ± SEMs (n = 59). The MIXED procedure (version 9.4; SAS Institute, Inc.) was used to test the effects of diet. Values in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (Tukey-adjusted P < 0.05). ^†Value is statistically significant, P < 0.003 (Bonferroni adjusted α for multiple outcomes). AAD, average American diet; MED, Mediterranean-style eating pattern used in the study; MED0.5, MED diet with 14 g (0.5 oz) per day of lean beef; MED2.5, MED diet with 71 g (2.5 oz) per day of lean beef; MED5.5, MED diet with 156 g (5.5 oz) per day of lean beef based on a 2000-kcal diet; TG, triglyceride.