Fig. 2.

EMP3 could induce macrophage polarization. a Migration assays performed with RAW264.7 cells exposed to supernatants from EMP3_KO GL261 cells or EMP3_Scra GL261 cells. Scale bar = 100 μm. The histogram summarizes the number of migrating cells. Student’s t-test was performed. KO: Knockout; Scra: Scramble. b Representative images of IF staining for CD86 and CD206 in mouse BV-2 cells exposed to supernatants from EMP3_KO GL261 cells or EMP3_Scra GL261 cells. The histogram summarizes the fluorescence intensity of the cells. Student’s t-test was performed. Scale bar = 100 μm. KO: Knockout; Scra: Scramble. c Left: Schematic diagram of the orthotopic GBM model. Right: Bioluminescence images of BALB/c mice in the EMP3_KO and EMP3_Scra GL261 groups on days 14, 21 and 35. KO: Knockout; Scra: Scramble. d Quantification of the bioluminescence imaging signal intensities in C57BL/6 mice. Student’s t-test was performed.e Kaplan-Meier survival curves of mice bearing intracranial EMP3_KO or EMP3_Scra GL261 tumours. KO: Knockout; Scra: Scramble. The log-rank test was performed. f Representative images of IF staining for EMP3 and CD206 in mouse brain sections from the EMP3_KO and EMP3_Scra GL261 groups. The histogram summarizes the fluorescence intensity of the isolated brain tumour tissues (n = 3). KO: Knockout; Scra: Scramble. Student’s t-test was performed. Scale bar = 50 μm. The mean ± S.D. is shown. Ns: nonsignificant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001