Table 2.

Discrete-Time Survival Model Evaluating the Influence of Physical Frailty Status on 6-Year Geriatric Outcomes Among Older Adults with a History of Coronary Heart Disease in the National Health and Aging Trends Study

Characteristics	Dementia HR (95% CI)	Loss of Independence HR (95% CI)	ADL Disability HR (95% CI)	IADL Disability HR (95% CI)	Mobility Disability HR (95% CI)
Model 1 (Unadjusted)*
Frailty	2.74 (2.02,3.73)	2.53 (1.81,3.55)	2.41 (1.69,3.43)	1.78 (1.23,2.59)	2.97 (2.11,4.18)
Model 2†
Frailty	2.03 (1.46,2.83)	1.94 (1.35,2.78)	1.90 (1.28,2.82)	1.38 (0.93,2.04)	2.40 (1.62,3.57)
Model 3‡
Frailty	2.07 (1.48,2.88)	1.88 (1.30,2.70)	1.81 (1.22,2.67)	1.33 (0.89,1.98)	2.28 (1.54,3.38)
Model 4§
Frailty	2.02 (1.43,2.84)	1.84 (1.28,2.65)	1.82 (1.24,2.67)	1.31 (0.89,1.94)	2.17 (1.48,3.19)

ADL = activities of daily living; BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living.

^*Frailty was assessed by the physical frailty phenotype paradigm that is grounded in 5 criteria: exhaustion, low physical activity, weakness, slowness, and unintentional weight loss (www.nhats.org).

^†Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, census division, residence, and income.

^‡Model 3 was adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, census division, residence, income, BMI, and smoking status.

^§Model 4 was adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, census division, residence, income, BMI, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, and number of chronic diseases.