Figure 1:

(A) Non-polar motifs can be coupled to peptides to (B) drive self-assembly through hydrophobic association. (C) Directional non-covalent interactions between adjacent molecules, such as the formation of β-sheet hydrogen bonding networks, drives the formation of high-aspect ratio nanostructures. (D) Peptides can form ordered arrangements of hydrogen bonds (in red), most often resembling β-sheet secondary structures, by positioning adjacent proton donors and acceptors on their amide backbone. (E) Hydrogen bond networks drive axial organization are are a common driving force for the formation of high-aspect ratio nanostructures.