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. 2021 Apr 26;8:650231. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.650231

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Copyright © 2021 Rusmini, Uva, Amoroso, Tolomeo and Cavalli.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Map of the Italian provinces and representation as colorimetric scale of the percentage of deaths for malaria in 1910 (data not available for those provinces that were not included in the Italian Kingdom). The box highlights Ferrara and Rovigo provinces. (B) Map of the Italian provinces and the relative percentage of COVID-19 cases as n. COVID-19 cases/10⁶ inhabitants in the province (situation on July 13th, 2020). (C) Prevalence of COVID-19 cases (n. cases/10⁶ inhabitants) in Italian provinces (July 13th, 2020) vs. number of deaths from malaria in 1910. The regression line of log10 transformed values is shown. Spearman ρ = −0.69 and p-value 5.4e-10.