Table 4.
List of genes with variants significantly (FDR < 0.01) correlated (positively or negatively) to COVID-19 cases.
| Gene symbol | Gene name | Protein function (Gene Cards) |
|---|---|---|
| ABO | ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase | This gene encodes proteins related to the first discovered blood group system, ABO. |
| ACE2 | Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme family of dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases |
| ACKR1 | Atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group) | The encoded protein is the receptor for the human malarial parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. Polymorphisms in this gene are the basis of the Duffy blood group system |
| ADORA2B | Adenosine A2b receptor | This gene encodes an adenosine receptor that is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This integral membrane protein stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of adenosine. |
| FCGR2A | Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIa | This gene encodes one member of a family of immunoglobulin Fc receptor genes found on the surface of many immune response cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell surface receptor found on phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, and is involved in the process of phagocytosis and clearing of immune complexes |
| GYPB | Glycophorin B (MNS blood group) | Glycophorins A (GYPA) and B (GYPB) are major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane which bear the antigenic determinants for the MN and Ss blood groups |
| IRF1 | Interferon regulatory factor 1 | The encoded protein activates the transcription of genes involved in the body's response to viruses and bacteria, playing a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, the immune response, and DNA damage response. |
| NOS2 | Nitric oxide synthase 2 | This gene encodes a nitric oxide synthase which is expressed in liver and is inducible by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and certain cytokines. |
| SPTB | Spectrin beta, erythrocytic | The protein encoded by this locus functions in stability of erythrocyte membranes |
| TLR4 | Toll like receptor 4 | The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity |
Gene symbol, full gene name and its function are reported for the 10 genes listed in Table 3.