TABLE 2.

Association between the SERPINA1 Z allele and height, lung function traits, and COPD in unrelated, European UK Biobank participants

Genetic model	Smoking status	Test/comparison n	Height cm		FEV1 mL		FEV1/FVC		FVC mL		COPD#		COPD GOLD 1–4¶
			β±se	p-value	β±se	p-value	β±se	p-value	β±se	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Het	All	11 877/291 383	1.023±0.059	3.91×10−68	9.26±4.53	0.041	0.00091±0.00057	0.108	9.38±5.43	0.084	1.05 (0.96–1.14)	0.268	1.04 (0.98–1.09)	0.171
	Ever-smokers	5357/133 779	1.027±0.087	8.53×10−32	−2.63±7.05	0.709	−0.0017±0.00091	0.062	5.47±8.28	0.509	1.16 (1.05–1.29)	0.005	1.12 (1.04–1.20)	0.001
	Never-smokers	6520/157 604	1.022±0.079	3.03×10−38	19.36±5.84	9.21×10−4	0.0031±0.00071	1.22×10−5	12.77±7.15	0.074	0.87 (0.75–1.01)	0.070	0.93 (0.86–1.02)	0.113
Rec	All	93/303 260	1.644±0.650	0.011	−249.21±50.22	6.96×10−7	−0.051±0.0063	3.54×10−16	−132.16±60.09	0.028	7.42 (4.29–12.27)	5.67×10−14	4.58 (2.93–7.05)	8.67×10−12
	Ever-smokers	35/139 136	1.242±1.062	0.242	−379.21±85.54	9.30×10−6	−0.081±0.011	2.00×10−13	−177.95±100.35	0.076	9.19 (4.19–19.00)	6.27×10−9	6.13 (3.07–12.29)	2.30×10−7
	Never-smokers	58/164 124	1.873±0.821	0.023	−174.68±60.68	0.004	−0.034±0.0074	4.95×10−6	−107.69±74.23	0.147	5.98 (2.66–12.03)	2.69×10−6	3.68 (2.01–6.47)	1.11×10−5

Results are based on linear (or logistic, in the case of COPD) regression adjusting for sex, age, age², ancestry-based principal components, genotyping array and, in the case of lung function and COPD, standing height. The heterozygote (Het) or recessive (Rec) genetic model was also included in the regression as shown. FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. ^#: spirometrically defined as FEV₁/FVC <0.7 and FEV₁<80% predicted; ^¶: defined as FEV₁/FVC <0.7.