Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of HFpEF patients with and without renal impairment.
| eGFR ≥ 60 (n = 2,080) | eGFR = 30–59 (n = 1,312) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (quartile 1–3), year | 68 (60–75) | 70 (63–77) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 1,052 (50.6) | 592 (45.1) | 0.002 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 1,867 (89.8) | 1,157 (88.2) | 0.098 |
| Black | 174 (8.4) | 116 (8.8) | |
| Other | 39 (1.9) | 39 (3.0) | |
| History of diseases, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 1,906 (91.6) | 1,198 (91.3) | 0.790 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 717 (34.5) | 483 (36.8) | 0.176 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 551 (26.5) | 332 (25.3) | 0.468 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft surgery | 259 (12.5) | 177 (13.5) | 0.408 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 303 (14.6) | 192 (14.6) | 0.997 |
| Implanted cardioverter defibrillator | 23 (1.1) | 21 (1.6) | 0.278 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 257 (12.4) | 138 (10.5) | 0.116 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 193 (9.3) | 123 (9.4) | 0.974 |
| Implanted pacemaker | 153 (7.4) | 114 (8.7) | 0.181 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1,248 (60.0) | 800 (61.0) | 0.596 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 647 (31.1) | 455 (34.7) | 0.033 |
| Stroke | 144 (6.9) | 119 (9.1) | 0.027 |
| Previous hospitalization for CHF | 1,491 (71.7) | 965 (73.6) | 0.252 |
| NYHA class, n (%) | |||
| I or II | 1,387 (66.7) | 891 (67.9) | 0.481 |
| III or IV | 693 (33.3) | 421 (32.1) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| current | 236 (11.3) | 120 (9.1) | 0.078 |
| Never | 1,070 (51.4) | 713 (54.3) | |
| Former | 774 (37.2) | 479 (36.5) | |
| Alcohol drinks/week, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 1,636 (78.7) | 1,010 (77.0) | 0.315 |
| 1–5 | 346 (16.6) | 226 (17.2) | |
| 6–10 | 66 (3.2) | 57 (4.3) | |
| ≥11 | 32 (1.5) | 19 (1.4) | |
| BMI, median (quartile 1–3), kg/m2 | 30.78 (26.97–35.76) | 31.02 (27.39–35.49) | 0.254 |
| HR, median (quartile 1–3), bpm | 68 (61–76) | 68 (62–76) | 0.764 |
| SBP, median (quartile 1–3), mmHg | 130 (120–140) | 130 (120–139) | 0.371 |
| DBP, median (quartile 1–3), mmHg | 80 (70–82) | 79 (70–80) | 0.002 |
| EF, median (quartile 1–3), % | 56 (51–61) | 57 (52–61) | 0.108 |
| Leukocyte count, median (quartile 1–3), k/uL | 6.7 (5.6–8.0) | 6.8 (5.6–8.2) | 0.013 |
| HB, median (quartile 1–3), g/dL | 13.5 (12.5–14.7) | 12.8 (11–814.0) | <0.001 |
| HCT, median (quartile 1–3), % | 40.9 (37.7–44.0) | 39.0 (35.9–42.0) | <0.001 |
| PLT, median (quartile 1–3), k/uL | 226 (192–262) | 220 (186–264) | 0.043 |
| Medications, n (%) | |||
| ACE-I/ARB | 645 (31.0) | 422 (32.2) | 0.504 |
| Beta blockers | 683 (32.8) | 443 (33.8) | 0.602 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 316 (15.2) | 203 (15.5) | 0.864 |
| Diuretics | 701 (33.7) | 462 (35.2) | 0.386 |
| Aspirin | 547 (26.3) | 369 (28.1) | 0.260 |
| Nitrate | 137 (6.6) | 82 (6.2) | 0.751 |
| Lipid lowering drugs | 88 (4.2) | 63 (4.8) | 0.484 |
| Randomization arm, n (%) | |||
| Spironolactone | 1,048 (50.4) | 648 (49.4) | 0.597 |
eGRF, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NYHA, New York Heart Association; BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EF, ejection fraction; HB, Hemoglobin; HCT, Hematocrit; PLT, platelet count; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers.