Table 2. Univariate Cox regression analyses, LASSO coefficient score, and multivariate Cox regression analyses of risk factors for OS.
| Variables | Univariate | LASSO | Multivariate | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P | Score | HR | 95% CI | P | Score | |||||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||||||
| Year at diagnosis | 0.284 | |||||||||||
| 1998–2007 | ||||||||||||
| 2008–2016 | 0.851 | 0.633 | 1.143 | |||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | ||||||||||||
| Female | 1.180 | 0.919 | 1.515 | 0.194 | ||||||||
| Age, y | <0.001 | 0.317 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| <45 | 0 | |||||||||||
| ≥45, ≤81 | 1.625 | 1.053 | 2.507 | 0.028 | 1.463 | 0.939 | 2.278 | 0.0.09 | 2.76 | |||
| >81 | 3.089 | 1.753 | 5.444 | <0.001 | 3.9608 | 2.20 | 7.14 | <0.001 | 10 | |||
| Race | ||||||||||||
| White | ||||||||||||
| Black | 0.816 | 0.546 | 1.220 | 0.321 | ||||||||
| Others | 1.252 | 0.920 | 1.704 | 0.152 | ||||||||
| Origin | ||||||||||||
| Non-Spanish-Hispanic-Latino | ||||||||||||
| Spanish-Hispanic-Latino | 0.921 | 0.686 | 1.236 | 0.584 | ||||||||
| Lesion size | 0.001 | 0.362 | 0.006 | |||||||||
| <5 cm | 0 | |||||||||||
| ≥5 cm | 2,288 | 1.457 | 3.593 | <0.001 | 1.933 | 1.212 | 3.084 | 0.006 | 4.87 | |||
| Grade | 0.438 | |||||||||||
| G1–2 | ||||||||||||
| G3–4 | 0.804 | 0.331 | 1.955 | 0.631 | ||||||||
| Unknown | 0.603 | 0.224 | 1.627 | 0.318 | ||||||||
| Primary tumor invasion | 0.002 | 0.080 | 0.262 | |||||||||
| T1–3 | 0 | |||||||||||
| T4 | 1.596 | 1.192 | 2.137 | 1.190 | 0.878 | 1.613 | 0.262 | 1.27 | ||||
| Node status | <0.001 | 0.125 | 0.669 | |||||||||
| N0 | 0 | |||||||||||
| N+ | 2.154 | 1.511 | 3.071 | 0.826 | 0.344 | 1.983 | 0.669 | 1.42 | ||||
| Retrieved nodes | 0.006 | –0.094 | ||||||||||
| No | 6.39 | |||||||||||
| Yes | 0.454 | 0.259 | 0.796 | 0.415 | 0.203 | 0.848 | 0.016 | 0 | ||||
| Positive nodes | <0.001 | 0.242 | 0.016 | |||||||||
| 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
| ≤15 | 1.739 | 1.251 | 2.419 | 0.001 | 2.293 | 1.013 | 5.192 | 0.046 | 6.15 | |||
| >15 | 2.837 | 1.864 | 4.316 | <0.001 | 3.208 | 1.360 | 7.566 | 0.007 | 8.69 | |||
| Gastrectomy | 0.189 | |||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||
| Non-total | 0.729 | 0.520 | 1.023 | 0.068 | ||||||||
| Unknown | 0.921 | 0.690 | 1.228 | 0.574 | ||||||||
| Combined resection | 0.010 | 0.096 | 0.012 | |||||||||
| No | 0 | |||||||||||
| Yes | 1.443 | 1.090 | 1.911 | 1.463 | 1.086 | 1.983 | 0.012 | 2.79 | ||||
| Chemotherapy | 0.019 | –0.050 | ||||||||||
| No | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 0.741 | 0.577 | 0.952 | |||||||||
| Radiotherapy | 0.001 | –0.161 | 0.008 | |||||||||
| No | 2.74 | |||||||||||
| Yes | 0.641 | 0.491 | 0.836 | 0.692 | 0.527 | 0.910 | 0 | |||||
| Marital status | 0.027 | |||||||||||
| Unmarried | ||||||||||||
| Married | 0.701 | 0.538 | 0.912 | 0.008 | ||||||||
| Unknown | 0.932 | 0.498 | 1.744 | 0.825 | ||||||||
| Insurance situation | 0.492 | |||||||||||
| Insured | ||||||||||||
| Uninsured | 0.784 | 0.192 | 3.205 | 0.734 | ||||||||
| Any medical | 0.789 | 0.392 | 1.585 | 0.505 | ||||||||
| Unknown | 1.168 | 0.876 | 1.557 | 0.291 | ||||||||
| Bachelor education | 0.732 | |||||||||||
| <30% | ||||||||||||
| ≥30 | 0.853 | 0.732 | 1.240 | |||||||||
| Median house incomes (per $40,000 incomes) | 0.632 | |||||||||||
| 0–40,000 | ||||||||||||
| 40,000–80,000 | 0.684 | 0.281 | 1.670 | 0.405 | ||||||||
| 80,000–120,000 | 0.740 | 0.298 | 1.841 | 0.517 | ||||||||
LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.