Table 3. Univariate Cox regression analyses, LASSO coefficient score, and multivariate Cox regression analyses of risk factors for CSS.
| Variables | Univariate | LASSO | Multivariate | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P | Score | HR | 95% CI | P | Score | |||||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||||||
| Year at diagnosis | 0.090 | |||||||||||
| 1998–2007 | ||||||||||||
| 2008–2016 | 0.741 | 0.525 | 1.048 | |||||||||
| Sex | 0.270 | |||||||||||
| Male | ||||||||||||
| Female | 1.173 | 0.884 | 1.556 | |||||||||
| Age, y | 0.001 | 0.276 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| >81 | 1.309 | 1.493 | 4.916 | 0.001 | 3.061 | 1.893 | 4.950 | <0.001 | 8.43 | |||
| Race | 0.036 | 0.008 | 0.046 | |||||||||
| White | ||||||||||||
| Black | 0.776 | 0.483 | 1.246 | 0.293 | 0.727 | 0.434 | 1.218 | 0.226 | 2.53 | |||
| Others | 1.396 | 1.027 | 2.009 | 0.035 | 1.380 | 0.980 | 1.961 | 0.065 | 0 | |||
| Origin | 0.669 | 4.92 | ||||||||||
| Non-Spanish-Hispanic-Latino | ||||||||||||
| Spanish-Hispanic-Latino | 1.072 | 0.778 | 1.447 | |||||||||
| Lesion size | <0.001 | 0.470 | 0.003 | |||||||||
| <5 cm | 0 | |||||||||||
| ≥5 cm | 2.692 | 1.557 | 4.656 | <0.001 | 2.315 | 1.321 | 4.058 | 0.003 | 6.18 | |||
| Grade | 0.420 | |||||||||||
| G1–2 | ||||||||||||
| G3–4 | 0.804 | 0.298 | 2.173 | 0.668 | ||||||||
| Unknown | 0.565 | 0.184 | 1.735 | 0.319 | ||||||||
| Primary tumor invasion | 0.007 | 0.042 | 0.663 | |||||||||
| T1–3 | 0 | |||||||||||
| T4 | 1.567 | 1.128 | 2.177 | 0.007 | 1.079 | 0.768 | 1.516 | 0.663 | 0.53 | |||
| Node status | <0.001 | 0.191 | 0.754 | |||||||||
| N0 | 2.11 | |||||||||||
| N+ | 2.309 | 1.534 | 3.477 | <0.001 | 0.754 | 0.254 | 2.240 | 0.611 | 0 | |||
| Retrieved nodes | 0.015 | –0.123 | 0.010 | |||||||||
| No | 9.13 | |||||||||||
| Yes | 0.451 | 0.238 | 0.856 | 0.015 | 0.291 | 0.114 | 0.743 | 0.010 | 0 | |||
| Positive nodes | <0.001 | 0.220 | 0.030 | |||||||||
| 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
| ≤15 | 1.836 | 1.259 | 2.678 | 0.002 | 2.772 | 0.982 | 7.828 | 0.054 | 7.56 | |||
| >15 | 2.944 | 1.823 | 4.755 | <0.001 | 3.841 | 1.316 | 11.213 | 0.010 | 10 | |||
| Combined resection | 0.013 | 0.129 | 0.012 | |||||||||
| No | 3.27 | |||||||||||
| Yes | 1.494 | 1.089 | 2.050 | 0.013 | 1.552 | 1.100 | 2.189 | 0.012 | 0 | |||
| Gastrectomy | 0.247 | |||||||||||
| Non-total | 0.727 | 0.494 | 1.071 | 0.107 | ||||||||
| Nos | 0.982 | 0.710 | 1.357 | 0.911 | ||||||||
| Chemotherapy | 0.215 | |||||||||||
| No | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 0.836 | 0.629 | 1.110 | |||||||||
| Radiotherapy | 0.035 | –0.06 | ||||||||||
| No | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 0.728 | 0.542 | 0.978 | |||||||||
| Marital status | 0.057 | –0.012 | 0.102 | |||||||||
| Unmarried | 2.478 | |||||||||||
| Married | 0.697 | 0.518 | 0.938 | 0.017 | 0.717 | 0.529 | 0.973 | 0.033 | 0 | |||
| Unknown | 0.745 | 0.343 | 1.621 | 0.458 | 0.785 | 0.357 | 1.726 | 0.547 | 0.645 | |||
| Insurance situation | 0.462 | |||||||||||
| Insured | ||||||||||||
| Uninsured | 1.014 | 0.246 | 4.177 | 0.985 | ||||||||
| Any medical | 0.810 | 0.366 | 1.791 | 0.602 | ||||||||
| Unknown | 1.239 | 0.891 | 1.723 | 0.203 | ||||||||
| Bachelor education | 0.821 | |||||||||||
| <30% | ||||||||||||
| ≥30% | 0.966 | 0.716 | 1.304 | |||||||||
| Median house incomes (per $40,000 incomes) | 0.349 | |||||||||||
| 0–40,000 | ||||||||||||
| 40,000–80,000 | 0.524 | 0.214 | 1.283 | 0.157 | ||||||||
| 80,000–120,000 | 0.565 | 0.225 | 1.418 | 0.224 | ||||||||
LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; CSS, cancer-specific survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.