Table 1. Clinicopathological characteristics of ICC patients with MVI before and after IPTW analysis.
| Variable | Unweighted population | IPTW weighted population | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=223) | Non-TACE (n=155) | Adjuvant TACE (n=68) | P value | SMD | Non-TACE (n=155) | Adjuvant TACE (n=68) | P value | SMD | ||
| Age in years | 51.4±10.6 | 51.7±10.6 | 50.7±10.7 | 0.506 | 0.097 | 51.3±10.5 | 52.2±12.3 | 0.698 | 0.077 | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.092 | 0.282 | 0.892 | 0.024 | ||||||
| Female | 54 (24.2) | 43 (27.7) | 11 (16.2) | 37.6 (24.3) | 15.9 (23.2) | |||||
| Male | 169 (75.8) | 112 (72.3) | 57 (83.8) | 117.4 (75.7) | 52.4 (76.8) | |||||
| HBsAg, n (%) | 0.120 | 0.250 | 0.885 | 0.025 | ||||||
| Negative | 111 (49.8) | 83 (53.5) | 28 (41.2) | 78.1 (50.4) | 35.2 (51.6) | |||||
| Positive | 112 (50.2) | 72 (46.5) | 40 (58.8) | 76.9 (49.6) | 33.0 (48.4) | |||||
| Anti-HCV, n (%) | 0.092 | 0.246 | 0.054 | 0.266 | ||||||
| Negative | 221 (99.1) | 155 (100.0) | 66 (97.1) | 155.0 (100.0) | 65.9 (96.6) | |||||
| Positive | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.3 (3.4) | |||||
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 0.136 | 0.237 | 0.612 | 0.076 | ||||||
| No | 161 (72.2) | 117 (75.5) | 44 (64.7) | 112.8 (72.8) | 51.9 (76.1) | |||||
| Yes | 62 (27.8) | 38 (24.5) | 24 (35.3) | 42.2 (27.2) | 16.3 (23.9) | |||||
| Child-Pugh class, n (%) | 0.237 | 0.215 | 0.939 | 0.018 | ||||||
| A | 209 (93.7) | 143 (92.3) | 66 (97.1) | 144.9 (93.5) | 64.1 (93.9) | |||||
| B | 14 (6.3) | 12 (7.7) | 2 (2.9) | 10.1 (6.5) | 4.1 (6.1) | |||||
| CEA (ug/L), n (%) | 0.996 | 0.024 | 0.726 | 0.058 | ||||||
| <5 | 159 (71.3) | 110 (71.0) | 49 (72.1) | 111.4 (71.9) | 50.8 (74.5) | |||||
| ≥5 | 64 (28.7) | 45 (29.0) | 19 (27.9) | 43.5 (28.1) | 17.4 (25.5) | |||||
| CA 19-9 (U/mL), n (%) | 0.040 | 0.322 | 0.91 | 0.019 | ||||||
| <39 | 100 (44.8) | 62 (40.0) | 38 (55.9) | 70.3 (45.3) | 31.6 (46.3) | |||||
| ≥39 | 123 (55.2) | 93 (60.0) | 30 (44.1) | 84.7 (54.7) | 36.6 (53.7) | |||||
| Gross type of tumor, n (%) | 0.106 | 0.255 | 0.811 | 0.043 | ||||||
| MF | 180 (80.7) | 130 (83.9) | 50 (73.5) | 124.9 (80.6) | 53.8 (78.9) | |||||
| PI | 43 (19.3) | 25 (16.1) | 18 (26.5) | 30.1 (19.4) | 14.4 (21.1) | |||||
| Tumor diameter (cm), n (%) | 0.412 | 0.143 | 0.895 | 0.024 | ||||||
| ≤5 | 76 (34.1) | 56 (36.1) | 20 (29.4) | 52.9 (34.1) | 24.1 (35.3) | |||||
| >5 | 147 (65.9) | 99 (63.9) | 48 (70.6) | 102.1 (65.9) | 44.2 (64.7) | |||||
| Tumor number, n (%) | 0.416 | 0.141 | 0.662 | 0.078 | ||||||
| Solitary | 167 (74.9) | 119 (76.8) | 48 (70.6) | 116.4 (75.1) | 48.9 (71.7) | |||||
| Multiple | 56 (25.1) | 36 (23.2) | 20 (29.4) | 38.6 (24.9) | 19.3 (28.3) | |||||
| Differentiation, n (%) | 0.477 | 0.134 | 0.926 | 0.015 | ||||||
| Well/Moderate | 200 (89.7) | 141 (91.0) | 59 (86.8) | 136.6 (88.1) | 60.4 (88.6) | |||||
| Poor | 23 (10.3) | 14 (9.0) | 9 (13.2) | 18.4 (11.9) | 7.8 (11.4) | |||||
| Visceral peritoneum invasion, n (%) | 0.438 | 0.100 | 0.823 | 0.032 | ||||||
| No | 216 (96.9) | 151 (97.4) | 65 (95.6) | 149.8 (96.6) | 66.3 (97.2) | |||||
| Yes | 7 (3.1) | 4 (2.6) | 3 (4.4) | 5.2 (3.4) | 1.9 (2.8) | |||||
| Direct invasion, n (%) | 0.044 | 0.364 | 0.833 | 0.055 | ||||||
| No | 207 (92.8) | 140 (90.3) | 67 (98.5) | 143.8 (92.8) | 64.2 (94.1) | |||||
| Yes | 16 (7.2) | 15 (9.7) | 1 (1.5) | 11.2 (7.2) | 4.0 (5.9) | |||||
| Regional nodal metastasis, n (%) | 0.007 | 0.482 | 0.791 | 0.113 | ||||||
| N0 | 75 (33.6) | 53 (34.2) | 22 (32.4) | 51.0 (32.9) | 19.9 (29.2) | |||||
| Nx | 88 (39.5) | 52 (33.5) | 36 (52.9) | 62.1 (40.1) | 26.6 (39.0) | |||||
| N1 | 60 (26.9) | 50 (32.3) | 10 (14.7) | 41.8 (27.0) | 21.7 (31.8) | |||||
| T stage 8th, n (%) | 0.035 | 0.386 | 0.939 | 0.055 | ||||||
| T2 | 201 (90.1) | 137 (88.4) | 64 (94.1) | 139.4 (89.9) | 62.3 (91.3) | |||||
| T3 | 6 (2.7) | 3 (1.9) | 3 (4.4) | 4.5 (2.9) | 1.9 (2.8) | |||||
| T4 | 16 (7.2) | 15 (9.7) | 1 (1.5) | 11.2 (7.2) | 4.0 (5.9) | |||||
| TNM stage 8th, n (%) | 0.002 | 0.564 | 0.837 | 0.175 | ||||||
| Not Available | 88 (39.5) | 52 (33.5) | 36 (52.9) | 62.1 (40.1) | 26.6 (39.0) | |||||
| II | 66 (29.6) | 44 (28.4) | 22 (32.4) | 43.7 (28.2) | 19.9 (29.2) | |||||
| IIIA | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2.3 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| IIIB | 67 (30.0) | 57 (36.8) | 10 (14.7) | 46.9 (30.3) | 21.7 (31.8) | |||||
ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; MVI, microvascular invasion; IPTW, Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; SMD, standardized mean differences; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; Anti-HCV, antibody to hepatitis virus C; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; MF, mass-forming; PI, periductal infiltrative; N0, no regional lymph node metastasis; Nx, regional lymph node metastasis cannot be assessed; N1, regional lymph node metastasis present; TNM, tumor, node, metastases.